Perspectives of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Diagnostics.
Perspectives of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Diagnostics.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2012.00032
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Verjovski-Almeida S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reis EM;Verjovski-Almeida S
从人类基因组的基因间和内含子区域转录的长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）构成了正在深入研究的广泛类别的细胞转录物。虽然只有少数lncRNA已被表征，但它们参与控制基因表达的基本细胞过程，突出了细胞稳态中的核心作用。毫不奇怪，在不同类型的癌症中越来越多地记录了调节性lncRNA的异常表达，它们可以介导致癌或肿瘤抑制作用。与促进特定基因沉默或剪接因子蛋白调节的染色质重塑复合物的相互作用似乎是lncRNA调节的两种一般模式，但可以想象的是，其他作用机制尚未被揭示。与蛋白质编码mRNA相比，lncRNA显示出更大的组织特异性，使得它们在体液样品中寻找新的诊断/诊断癌症生物标志物方面具有吸引力。事实上，lncRNA前列腺癌抗原3可以在尿液样本中检测到，并已被证明可以改善前列腺癌的诊断。我们认为，在容易获得的体液，如血清和尿液中的RNA的存在的无偏筛选可能会发现新的循环lncRNA作为潜在的生物标志物在许多类型的癌症。癌症转录组的lncRNA补体的注释和功能表征将为疾病的早期诊断和治疗提供新的途径。
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from intergenic and intronic regions of the human genome constitute a broad class of cellular transcripts that are under intensive investigation. While only a handful of lncRNAs have been characterized, their involvement in fundamental cellular processes that control gene expression highlights a central role in cell homeostasis. Not surprisingly, aberrant expression of regulatory lncRNAs has been increasingly documented in different types of cancer, where they can mediate both oncogenic or tumor suppressor effects. Interaction with chromatin remodeling complexes that promote silencing of specific genes or modulation of splicing factor proteins seem to be two general modes of lncRNA regulation, but it is conceivable that additional mechanisms of action are yet to be unveiled. LncRNAs show greater tissue specificity compared to protein-coding mRNAs making them attractive in the search of novel diagnostics/prognostics cancer biomarkers in body fluid samples. In fact, lncRNA prostate cancer antigen 3 can be detected in urine samples and has been shown to improve diagnosis of prostate cancer. We suggest that an unbiased screening of the presence of RNAs in easily accessible body fluids such as serum and urine might reveal novel circulating lncRNAs as potential biomarkers in many types of cancer. Annotation and functional characterization of the lncRNA complement of the cancer transcriptome will conceivably provide new venues for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.