Disturbance type and species life history predict mammal responses to humans-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1111/gcb.15650

发表时间：

2021-04

期刊：

Global Change Biology

影响因子：

11.6

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

环境科学与生态学1区

文献类型：

作者：

J. P. Suraci;Kaitlyn M. Gaynor;Maximilian L Allen;P. Alexander;J. Brashares;Sara J. Cendejas-Zarelli;K. Crooks;L. Elbroch;Tavis Forrester;Austin M. Green;J. Haight;Nyeema C. Harris;M. Hebblewhite;F. Isbell;Barbara E. Johnston;R. Kays;P. Lendrum;Jesse S. Lewis;A. McInturff;W. McShea;Thomas W. Murphy;M. Palmer;A. Parsons;Mitchell A. Parsons;Megan E. Pendergast;C. Pekins;L. Prugh;K. Sager-Fradkin;Stephanie G Schuttler;Ç. Şekercioğlu;Brenda Shepherd;Laura S. Whipple;J. Whittington;G. Wittemyer;C. Wilmers

人类活动和土地利用的变化影响着地球上的每一片土地，导致许多动物物种的减少，同时也造福于其他动物。物种的生态和生活史特征可能预示着在人类主导的景观中取得成功，因此只有具有“获胜”特征组合的物种才能在受干扰的环境中生存下来。然而，物种特征和与人类成功共存之间的这种联系仍然被研究系统中人为干扰和可变性的复杂性所掩盖。我们收集了北美61个种群的24种哺乳动物的检测数据，以量化(1)人的直接存在和(2)人类足迹(景观修改)对哺乳动物发生和活动水平的影响。33%的哺乳动物物种对人类在种群中的存在和/或足迹的增加表现出净的负面反应(即减少发生或活动)，而58%的物种与不断增加的干扰呈正相关。然而，在较高的干扰水平下，人类存在和足迹的明显好处往往会减少或消失，这表明哺乳动物物种容忍干扰或开发人类主导的景观的能力达到了阈值。物种生态和生活史特征强烈预测了它们对人类足迹的反应，足迹的增加有利于体型较小、食肉较少、繁殖速度较快的物种。人类存在的积极和消极影响在物种特征价值方面更随机地分布，明显的赢家和输家分布在一系列身体尺寸和饮食行会上。一些物种对人类存在和人类足迹的不同反应突出表明，在估计人类对野生动物的影响时，分别考虑这两种形式的人类干扰的重要性。我们的方法提供了对人类活动塑造全球哺乳动物群落的复杂机制的洞察，揭示了人类改良景观中较大捕食者丧失的驱动因素。

Human activity and land use change impact every landscape on Earth, driving declines in many animal species while benefiting others. Species ecological and life history traits may predict success in human‐dominated landscapes such that only species with “winning” combinations of traits will persist in disturbed environments. However, this link between species traits and successful coexistence with humans remains obscured by the complexity of anthropogenic disturbances and variability among study systems. We compiled detection data for 24 mammal species from 61 populations across North America to quantify the effects of (1) the direct presence of people and (2) the human footprint (landscape modification) on mammal occurrence and activity levels. Thirty‐three percent of mammal species exhibited a net negative response (i.e., reduced occurrence or activity) to increasing human presence and/or footprint across populations, whereas 58% of species were positively associated with increasing disturbance. However, apparent benefits of human presence and footprint tended to decrease or disappear at higher disturbance levels, indicative of thresholds in mammal species’ capacity to tolerate disturbance or exploit human‐dominated landscapes. Species ecological and life history traits were strong predictors of their responses to human footprint, with increasing footprint favoring smaller, less carnivorous, faster‐reproducing species. The positive and negative effects of human presence were distributed more randomly with respect to species trait values, with apparent winners and losers across a range of body sizes and dietary guilds. Differential responses by some species to human presence and human footprint highlight the importance of considering these two forms of human disturbance separately when estimating anthropogenic impacts on wildlife. Our approach provides insights into the complex mechanisms through which human activities shape mammal communities globally, revealing the drivers of the loss of larger predators in human‐modified landscapes.

Disturbance type and species life history predict mammal responses to humans

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