Climate change threats to environment in the tropical Andes: glaciers and water resources
Climate change threats to environment in the tropical Andes: glaciers and water resources
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DOI：
10.1007/s10113-010-0177-6
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Condom, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chevallier, Pierre;Pouyaud, Bernard;Condom, Thomas
世界上几乎所有的热带冰川都位于中安第斯山脉（秘鲁、玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔和哥伦比亚）。由于海拔高、辐射高和热带气候动态，它们都特别受到气候变化的威胁，这不仅是变暖的结果，也是降水变化的结果。许多冰川对当地居民的生计至关重要，甚至对三个首都-利马（秘鲁）、拉巴斯（玻利维亚）和基多（厄瓜多尔）-也至关重要，这些国家的水和能源供应都依赖冰川。本文指出，在冰川融化不平衡导致流量增加一段时间后，可利用的水资源将沿着减少。以秘鲁的布兰卡山脉为例，详细分析了冰川萎缩对当地水资源的中期（20年）和长期（1-2个世纪）影响。在山脉的每一个阶段，都说明了对人口的相关风险和对人类活动（旅游业、水电、农业和畜牧业、大规模灌溉）的后果。
Almost all of the world's glaciers in the tropical latitudes are located in the Central Andes (Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Colombia). Due to their high altitude, to the high level of radiation and to the tropical climate dynamics, they all are particularly threatened by climate change, as a result of not only warming, but also of changing variability of precipitation. Many glaciers are of crucial importance for the livelihood of the local populations and even for three capitals, Lima (Peru), La Paz (Bolivia) and Quito (Ecuador), which depend on them for water and energy supplies. This paper shows that after a period of increased flow due to the glacier melt disequilibrium, the available water resource will decrease along with the rapid shrinking of the glaciers considered as water reservoirs. The case of the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) is analyzed more in detail with the mid-term (20 years) and long-term (1-2 centuries) impact of the glacier shrinking on the local water resources. Associated risks for the population and consequences for the human activities (tourism, hydropower, agriculture and stockbreeding, large-scale irrigation) are described at each stage of the mountain range.