Inside out? Directly elected ‘special representation’ of emigrants in national legislatures and the role of popular sovereignty
Inside out? Directly elected ‘special representation’ of emigrants in national legislatures and the role of popular sovereignty
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由内而外？直接选举的移民在国家立法机构中的“特别代表权”和人民主权的作用
DOI：
10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.01.002
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
M. Collyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Collyer
将政治权利扩大到在其公民身份之外永久居留的公民的情况日益普遍。在少数情况下(截至2013年10月，有13个国家)，移民不仅能够投票，而且能够投票选举自己的代表。这种“特别代表”制度引入了负责世界大部分地区移民事务的国家立法机构成员。这些选举制度突显了将国家描述为领土实体的问题，因为国家将在不受外国国家干预的情况下，通过在外国领土上履行国内职能，由内向外转变。根据最近对选举制度进行的一项调查的数据，以强调目前实行特别代表的13个国家之间的共同模式，该文件强调了国际移民作为移民而不是移民的作用。它的结论是，如果没有明显没有发生的国家的严重问题，就不能从领土上解释这种事态发展。特别代表只能被理解为对人民主权重要性的重新强调。民主在“人民”中重新确立了国家的合法性，但它的域外表现导致了民族和国家之间的脱节，国家必须创造性地加以遏制。
It is increasingly common for political rights to be extended to citizens who are permanently resident outside their state of citizenship. In a small minority of cases (13 countries as of October 2013) emigrants are not only able to vote but also able to vote for their own representation. Such systems of ‘special representation’ introduce members of national legislatures who are responsible for emigrants across large parts of the world. These electoral systems highlight the problematic characterisation of states as territorial entities with an ‘inside’ and an ‘outside’, since the state would then be turning itself ‘inside-out’ by performing domestic functions on foreign territory without the intervention of foreign states. Drawing on data from a recent survey of electoral systems to highlight common patterns between the 13 countries in which special representation is currently operated, the paper highlights the role of international migrants as emigrants, rather than as immigrants. It concludes that such developments cannot be explained territorially without serious problems for states that are manifestly not occurring. Special representation can only be understood as a re-emphasis of the significance of popular sovereignty. Democracy re-founds the legitimacy of the state in ‘the people’ but its extra-territorial performance results in a disarticulation between nation and state which states must creatively contain.