THE HISTORY OF SOME FUNDAMENTAL-CONCEPTS IN BONE BIOMECHANICS
THE HISTORY OF SOME FUNDAMENTAL-CONCEPTS IN BONE BIOMECHANICS
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DOI：
10.1016/0021-9290(87)90020-0
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发表时间：
1987-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
ROESLER, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ROESLER, H
人们普遍认为，通过生物力学，我们可以理解力学定律在生物系统中的应用。因此，我们现有的骨生物力学知识严重依赖于力学的各个领域。当然可以。但是，机械定律是通过模型和抽象概念推导出来的，这些模型和抽象概念大多不太容易移植到生物物体上。例如，具有体积、形状、惯性和惯性矩等性质的刚体的力学概念可以很容易地用来定量地描述有生命物体和无生命物体的运动。从力学到生物力学的这一步虽然很小，但意义重大：有生命的身体不是刚性的，在运动过程中可能会改变其形状，从而改变其惯性矩。因此，力学中的恒定惯性矩在生物力学中突然变得与时间有关，这就在描述运动时产生了一些数学上的困难，从纯力学的观点来看，这通常是预料不到的。然而，程序似乎很简单。如果生物的运动或任何其他机械行为要用适当的力学术语来描述，生物系统的性质就必须用公认的力学范畴来表示。生物系统的某些性质很容易允许这种过程，例如惯性矩，但也有其他一些性质，例如典型的生物性质“自我修复”或“自组织”。在过去和现在的世纪里，力学概念和现象被广泛地用于解释器官和器官系统的生物学特性。就骨而言，这已经从三个不同的方面进行了研究，骨作为一种结构，作为一种材料。作为一个生物系统。因此，目前骨生物力学的知识可以说来自三个主要来源。每一种模式都与一种典型的科学分析模式密切相关。
It is generally agreed that by biomechanics we understand the application of the laws of mechanics to biological systems. and thus our present knowledge ot bone biomechanics heavily leans upon the various fields of mechanics. ofcourse. But the laws ofmechanits have been derived and formulated using models and abstractions that mostly are not particularly easy to transfer to biological objects. For instance, the mechanical concept of a rigid body with its properties volume, shape, inertia, and moment of inertia can readily be used to describe quantitatively the motions of animated and unanimated bodies alike. The step from mechanics to biomechanics is small but momentous: the animated body is not rigid and may alter its shape and consequently its moment of inertia during a motion. Thus the constant moment of inertia ol mechanics suddenly becomes time-dependent in biomechanics and this gives rise to some mathematical dilticulties in the description of motion usually not anticipated from the purely mechanical point of view. The procedure, however, seems to be straightforward. Properties of the biological system have to be expressed in terms of acknowledged mechanical categories if motion of living beings or any other mechanical behaviour is to be described in the proper terms of mechanics. There are properties of the biological system which easily allow this procedure, such as the moment of inertia, but there are others which make problems such as the typical biological properties ‘selfrepair’or ‘self-organization’. Mechanical concepts and phenomena have been used extensively in the last and present centuries to explain biological properties ot organs and organ systems. As far as bone is concerned this has been done for three difierent aspects, bone as a structure, as a material. and as a biological system. Therefore, the present knowledge of bone biomechanics can be said to stem from three main sources. each of which is closely related to a typical pattern ot scientific analysis.