Using Sound Change to Explore the Mental Lexicon
Using Sound Change to Explore the Mental Lexicon
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利用声音变化探索心理词典
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Hay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Warren;J. Hay
变化和变化要求两个说话者说出相同的句子，你无疑会发现他们说这个句子的方式有很多不同之处。让一位发言者在不止一次的场合说出同一句话，同样的话也是正确的。出现这种差异的原因有很多。个别发音的音素变化通常看起来是随机的，但可能会受到语言因素的限制，如一个声音在单词或短语中的位置(例如，/p/的不送气变体出现在首字母/S/之后，如Spot中，但送气版本出现在初始位置，如pot中)。流利的言语中蕴含着丰富的连通语音过程，它往往涉及到一个声音对相邻声音的影响，从而导致同一个词有多种不同的发音。但这些过程在操作上也可能是非常不同的，因为它们可能取决于演讲风格的各个方面，而这反过来又与演讲情景的正式程度有关，也与对话者的效果和其他听众因素有关(Bell，1984)。说话者还受到环境和副语言因素(背景噪音、不同情感的表达等)的影响。说话人之间的差异可能是一个更明显的差异来源。有些差异源于声道大小和形状的不同。其他因素，如说话者的方言和口音，可能取决于两个因素，包括说话者的原籍地区、他们的社会经济背景和教育水平、他们的年龄和性别以及他们的群体成员身份。
Variation and change Ask two speakers to produce the same sentence and you will undoubtedly find a number of differences in the ways in which they say that sentence. Ask a single speaker to say the same sentence on more than one occasion and the same will be true. Such variation arises for a number of reasons. Allophonic variation in the pronunciation of individual sounds frequently seems random, but may be constrained by linguistic factors such as the position of a sound in a word or phrase (e.g. unaspirated variants of /p/ occur after initial /s/ as in spot, but aspirated versions occur in initial position as in pot). Connected speech processes, which are abundant in fluent speech, often involve the influence of one sound on its neighbours, resulting in a wide range of different pronunciations for the same word. But such processes can also be quite variable in operation, since they may depend on aspects of speech style, which is in turn linked to the level of formality of the speech situation, as well as to interlocutor effects and other audience factors (Bell, 1984). Speakers are also influenced by environmental and paralinguistic factors (background noise, the expression of different emotions, etc.). Inter-speaker differences are perhaps a more obvious source of variation. Some differences have physiological origins in differences in vocal tract size and shape. Others, such as the dialect and accent of a speaker, can depend on a number of 2 factors which include the region of origin of the speaker, their socioeconomic background and level of education, their age and sex, and their group membership.