The memorizing effort heuristic in judgments of learning: A developmental perspective
The memorizing effort heuristic in judgments of learning: A developmental perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2008.10.005
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Schneider, Wolfgang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koriat, Asher;Ackerman, Rakefet;Schneider, Wolfgang
近年来对成人元认知的研究表明，虽然元认知监控经常指导控制操作，但有时它遵循控制操作，并基于控制操作的反馈。与这一观点相一致的是，在自定进度学习中，在每次学习试验结束时做出的学习判断（JOL）随着学习项目所花费的时间的增加而减少，这表明JOL是基于记忆努力启发式的，即容易学习的项目更容易被记住。研究一将调查对象扩展至小学生。而三至六年级（9至12岁）的JOL随着学习时间（ST）的增加而下降，没有发现这样的关系，为一年级和二年级（7岁和8岁）。然而，对于这两个年龄组，回忆与ST下降，支持的有效性的记忆努力启发式。自我报告（研究2）披露的信念，回忆应该倾向于增加与ST。结果带来的重要性，形状元认知的感觉，即使在小学生的记忆线索。这些线索在于非常反馈，学习者获得在线任务的表现，而不是在元认知知识，他们的使用也可能有助于提高监测的准确性与年龄。(C)2008年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Recent work on adult metacognition indicates that although metacognitive monitoring often guides control operations, sometimes it follows control operations and is based on the feedback from them. Consistent with this view, in self-paced learning, judgments of learning (JOLs) made at the end of each study trial decreased with the amount of time spent studying the item, suggesting that JOLs are based on the memorizing effort heuristic that easily learned items are more likely to be remembered. Study 1 extended investigation to primary school children. Whereas for third to sixth graders (9- to 12-year-olds) JOLs decreased with increasing study time (ST), no such relationship was found for first and second graders (7- and 8-year-olds). For both age groups, however, recall decreased with ST, supporting the validity of the memorizing effort heuristic. Self-reports (Study 2) disclosed the belief that recall should tend to increase with ST. The results bring to the fore the importance of mnemonic cues that shape metacognitive feelings even among primary school children. These cues lie in the very feedback that learners gain on-line from task performance rather than in metacognitive knowledge, and their use may also contribute to increased monitoring accuracy with age. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.