IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL LEOPARDS (PANTHERA-PARDUS-KOTIYA) USING SPOT PATTERN VARIATION
IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL LEOPARDS (PANTHERA-PARDUS-KOTIYA) USING SPOT PATTERN VARIATION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb04996.x
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发表时间：
1989-08-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
SMALLWOOD, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MITHTHAPALA, S;SEIDENSTICKER, J;SMALLWOOD, JA
21圈养豹（Panthera pardus kotiya）在斯里兰卡的国家动物园分别确定使用斑点图案的变化。根据已建立的狮子识别方法，设计了一个代码，检查23个可变字符，每个字符有一个到三个值。这些特征从口吻点的数量和间距到前额和眼睛的图案。利用主成分聚类分析，将用于鉴定的性状之间的相关性降至最低。从8个不重叠的聚类中选择最易变的字符，并计算每个字符值的频率。给定斑点图案出现的概率被计算为每个特征值的频率之和。根据这种发生概率，计算出每个模式的信息量（以比特为单位）。还计算了每个字符的位数。使用二项式定理，识别的可靠性被估计为零个或一个个体具有相同的特征值组合的概率之和。21只动物中有15只的二项式概率超过0.99，除2只外所有动物的二项式概率均超过0.95。在这两只动物中，与其他动物相比，信息含量较低（分别为5.99和5.50位），其他动物的信息含量范围为6.87-10.86。虽然平均位数（8.5）理论上是足够的99%的可靠识别，它的结论是，补充一个额外的字符将是值得的识别个别豹。
Twenty-one captive leopards (Panthera pardus kotiya) at the National Zoological Gardens in Sri Lanka were individually identified using spot pattern variation. Based on an identification method established for lions (Panthera leo), a code was devised examining 23 variable characters, each of which had one to three values. These characters ranged from number and spacing of muzzle spots to forehead and eye patterns. Correlation among characters to be used for identification was minimized using prinicipal component cluster analysis. The most variable character was chosen from each of eight non-overlapping clusters, and frequencies were calculated for each character value. The probabilty of occurrence of a given spot pattern was calculated as the sum of the frequencies of each character value. From this probabilty of occurrence, the information content, in bits, was computed for each pattern. The number of bits per character was also calculated. Using the binomial theorem, the reliability of identification was estimated as the sum of the probabilities of zero or one individual having an identical combination of character values. These binomial probabilities exceeded 0.99 for 15 out of 21 animals, and 0.95 for all but two. In these two animals, the information content was low (5.99 and 5.50 bits, respectively) compared to the others, in which information content ranged from 6.87-10.86. Although the mean number of bits (8.5) was theoretically sufficient for a 99% reliable identification, it was concluded that supplementation with an additional character would be worthwhile for identification of individual leopards.