Fact-Checking: A Meta-Analysis of What Works and for Whom
Fact-Checking: A Meta-Analysis of What Works and for Whom
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DOI：
10.1080/10584609.2019.1668894
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发表时间：
2019-10-25
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Morag, Yasmin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walter, Nathan;Cohen, Jonathan;Morag, Yasmin
尽管事实核查在新闻报道和公共话语中日益突出，但关于事实核查何时以及如何影响信仰仍然存在相当大的模糊性。根据动机推理和信息设计理论，进行了元分析审查，以检验事实核查在纠正政治错误信息方面的有效性（k = 30，N = 20,963）。事实核查对政治信仰具有显着的积极总体影响（d = 0.29），但当使用“真相量表”、仅反驳部分主张以及对与竞选相关的陈述进行事实核查时，效果逐渐减弱。同样，通过事实核查纠正政治错误信息的能力也会因参与者先前存在的信仰、意识形态和知识而大大减弱。该研究最后根据当前的差距和未来的机会对事实核查文献进行了讨论。
Despite its growing prominence in news coverage and public discourse, there is still considerable ambiguity regarding when and how fact-checking affects beliefs. Informed by theories of motivated reasoning and message design, a meta-analytic review was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of fact-checking in correcting political misinformation (k = 30,N = 20,963). Fact-checking has a significantly positive overall influence on political beliefs (d = 0.29), but the effects gradually weaken when using "truth scales," refuting only parts of a claim, and fact-checking campaign-related statements. Likewise, the ability to correct political misinformation with fact-checking is substantially attenuated by participants' preexisting beliefs, ideology, and knowledge. The study concludes with a discussion of the fact-checking literature in light of current gaps and future opportunities.