Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace
Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace
复制标题
软能源之路：迈向持久和平
DOI：
10.1080/00213624.1978.11503600
复制
发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
P. Favero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Favero
美国的石油供应变得越来越昂贵，越来越不可靠。人们普遍认为，需要采取公共政策应对措施，以促进和指导重新分配进程及其后果。但政策应该采取什么形式呢？阿莫里·洛文斯认为，我们的社会现在必须在两种截然不同的能源途径之间做出关键的选择--在硬途径和软途径之间。硬能源之路将涉及生产能力的大规模重组。需要对集中供应系统进行新的投资核能、煤炭、地热或卫星太阳能发电。Lovins预计，这种发展将导致能源供应部门的公司进一步集中。生产、定价、环境甚至消费决策将进一步被少数人所吸引。作者把硬能源之路描绘成最终行不通的。所需的煤炭和核能发展的环境后果将引起政治上的反对。硬能成本
Oil supplies for the United States are becoming increasingly costly and less dependable. Agreement is common that a public policy response is required to promote and guide reallocation processes and their consequences. But what form should the policy take? Amory Lovins contends that our society must now make a critical choice between two distinct approaches to energy-between the hard and soft paths. The hard energy path would involve massive retooling of productive capacity. New investments in centralized supply systems-nuclear, coal, geothermal, or solar power by satellite-would be required. Lovins expects that such developments would result in additional concentration of firms in the energy supply sector. Production, pricing, environmental, and even consumption decisions would further gravitate to the few. The author depicts the hard energy path as ultimately unworkable. Environmental consequences of required coal and nuclear power developments would engender political opposition. Cost of hard energy