ENERGY-STORAGE IN CERAMIC DIELECTRICS
ENERGY-STORAGE IN CERAMIC DIELECTRICS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb06513.x
复制
发表时间：
1990-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
LOVE, GR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LOVE, GR
历史上，多层陶瓷电容器（MLC）没有被考虑用于能量存储应用，这主要有两个原因。首先，物理上大的陶瓷电容器非常昂贵，其次，可获得的总能量密度几乎没有电解电容器类型那么高。最近，MLC的制造技术已经显著改进，允许显著更高的能量密度和显著更低的成本。同时，在许多应用中，总能量存储已经变得更小，并且非常低的有效串联电阻和有效串联电感（其一起确定能量可以被存储和恢复的效率）的次级要求已经变得更重要。因此，需要重新审视陶瓷中的能量储存，以用于当代商业和近商业的能源利用。只有在顺电绝缘体的情况下，储存的能量才与电压的平方成正比，因为只有顺电绝缘体的电容与偏置电压无关。然而，高介电常数材料是铁电体（即铁电体和/或反铁电体），并且显示出有效介电常数随偏置电压的显著变化。常见的铁电材料，无论是基于钛酸钡还是基于锰酸铅（PMN），在高场极限下，都表现出随偏置电压线性增加的能量存储。从理论上预测，混合相，铁电加反铁电，从铅镧锆钛酸盐（PLZT）系统，在低到中等领域的最佳能量密度。令人惊讶的是，在高介电常数材料中没有获得最大能量存储，而是在显示中间介电常数和最高极限击穿电压的那些材料中获得。
Historically, multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLC's) have not been considered for energy storage applications for two primary reasons. First, physically large ceramic capacitors were very expensive and, second, total energy density obtainable was not nearly so high as in electrolytic capacitor types. More recently, the fabrication technology for MLC's has improved significantly, permitting both significantly higher energy density and significantly lower costs. Simultaneously, in many applications, total energy storage has become smaller, and the secondary requirements of very low effective series resistance and effective series inductance (which, together, determine how efficiently the energy may be stored and recovered) have become more important. It is therefore desirable to reexamine energy storage in ceramics for contemporary commercial and near‐commercial dielectrics. Stored energy is proportional to voltage squared only in the case of paraelectric insulators, because only they have capacitance that is independent of bias voltage. High dielectric constant materials, however, are ferroics (that is ferroelectric and/or antiferroelectric) and display significant variation of effective dielectric constant with bias voltage. The common ferroelectric materials, whether based upon barium titanate or lead manganese niobate (PMN), in the high‐field limit, exhibit an energy storage which increases linearly with bias voltage. Mixed phase, ferroelectric plus antiferroelectric, dielectrics from the lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) system, as predicted theoretically, show the best energy density at low to moderate fields. Surprisingly, maximum energy storage is not obtained in high dielectric constant materials but in those materials which display intermediate dielectric constant and the highest ultimate breakdown voltages.