Utility of serum antimüllerian hormone/Müllerian-inhibiting substance for predicting ovarian reserve in older women.
Utility of serum antimüllerian hormone/Müllerian-inhibiting substance for predicting ovarian reserve in older women.
复制标题
血清抗苗勒管激素/苗勒管抑制物质在预测老年女性卵巢储备中的应用。
DOI：
10.1097/gme.0b013e31817c42f4
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Teixeira,Jose
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berin,Inna;Teixeira,Jose
The effects of antimüllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian-Inhibiting Substance (MIS), were first observed in cattle. Breeders noted that a female twin of a pair of heterosexual twin calves sometimes became partially masculinized in utero, a phenomenon called the Freemartin effect. In Freemartins, as these sterile cows are known, the gonads appear virilized, and there are varying degrees of regression of the Müllerian duct derivatives: the uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of the vagina. Nearly a century ago, Frank Lillie observed that the Freemartin developed when the blood supply of the twins was shared because of anastomosing placentas of heterosexual twin calves and suggested then that the presence of male factors or hormones produced by the male twin was responsible for the masculinization and Müllerian duct regression in the female twin. 1 It was not until the pioneering work of Alfred Jost 30 years later that it became clear that a factor other than testosterone was needed for müllerian duct regression. 2 We now know that AMH is the factor produced by Sertoli cells that causes Müllerian duct regression during normal fetal male reproductive tract development and in the Freemartin female cows. 3, 4 Although monochorionic heterosexual twins are exceedingly rare in humans and there is no evidence of female twin masculinization reported, the converse effect can occur in males who lack AMH or its receptor, resulting in the failure of Müllerian duct regression in utero. This is known as Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome, a very rare form of pseudohermaphroditism in humans. 5/7However, the story does not end there. Since its purification and cloning, there has been a renewed interest in the physiological importance of AMH, particularly its possible postnatal role. The establishment of an AMH-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay8/10 has engendered a large number of clinical human studies that have shown some surprising results, including the continual expression of AMH in boys until puberty and the onset of expression of AMH, albeit in lower amounts, in the granulosa cells of postnatal females. 11 The physiological role played by AMH well after Müllerian duct regression in males and in postnatal females is not clear. It has been shown that in mice with homozygous deletions of the AMH gene12 there is increased primordial follicle recruitment and early follicular exhaustion. 13 This provided a clue that AMH might be involved in follicular maturation and may prevent recruitment of follicles
