Insecticide Risk in United States Surface Waters: Drivers and Spatiotemporal Modeling.
Insecticide Risk in United States Surface Waters: Drivers and Spatiotemporal Modeling.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b04285
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发表时间：
2019-09
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
J. Wolfram;Sebastian Stehle;S. Bub;L. Petschick;R. Schulz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Wolfram;Sebastian Stehle;S. Bub;L. Petschick;R. Schulz
虽然农业地表沃茨中的农药污染是一种普遍现象，但针对责任驱动因素的大规模研究却很少。我们使用了来自259份出版物的数据，这些出版物报告了美国644个地表沃茨中32种杀虫剂及其代谢物的5，830个个体水或沉积物浓度，以确定驱动杀虫剂风险的因素，即法规阈值水平（RTL）的偏离。多元线性回归（R² adj. = 49.6 - 76.5）显示，毒性标准化的农业杀虫剂使用（即使用量除以毒性）是最重要的驱动因素。突发性降雨侵蚀力和灌溉措施也有风险促进作用，而时间，集水面积和采样间隔的风险降级的影响。对小、中、大型流动沃茨的回归模型（R² adj. = 62.2，n = 1，833）进行了验证，并用于全国范围的风险绘图，突出显示了预测杀虫剂浓度与其RTL的比较表明水生生物处于不利条件的多个地区。特别是在较小的溪流中，风险最明显，平均RTL重复频率为27.7%。最后，混合物毒性主要（约76.7%）由混合物中毒性最大的化合物解释，导致约95.7%的RTL毒性。确定所有相关杀虫剂类别暴露的驱动因素，并绘制美国各地不同规模的地表沃茨中产生的风险图，为未来的风险管理提供支持。
Although pesticide contamination in agricultural surface waters is a common phenomenon, large-scale studies dealing with the responsible drivers are rare. We used data from 259 publications reporting 5,830 individual water or sediment concentrations of 32 insecticides and their metabolites in 644 U.S. surface waters to determine the factors driving insecticide risks, i.e. exceedance of regulatory threshold levels (RTLs). Multiple linear regressions (R² adj. = 49.6 - 76.5) revealed that toxicity-normalized agricultural insecticide use (i.e. use divided by toxicity) was the most important driver. Burst rainfall erosivity and irrigation practices also had risk-promoting effects, whereas time, catchment size, and sampling interval had risk-demoting effects. A regression model (R² adj. = 62.2, n = 1,833) for small, medium, and large running waters was validated and used for risk mapping at the national scale, highlighting multiple regions where the comparison of predicted insecticide concentrations with their RTLs indicate adverse conditions for aquatic organisms. Particularly in smaller streams, risks were most pronounced with an average RTL exceedance frequency of 27.7%. Finally, mixture toxicity, was mainly (about 76.7%) explained by the most toxic compound in the mixture, causing ~95.7% of RTL exceedances. Identifying the factors driving exposure for all relevant insecticide classes and mapping resulting risks in surface waters of various sizes across the U.S. supports future risk management.