Reconsidering the environmental determinants of white racial attitudes
Reconsidering the environmental determinants of white racial attitudes
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DOI：
10.2307/2669265
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发表时间：
2000-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Mendelberg, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oliver, JE;Mendelberg, T
大多数关于白人种族态度的环境决定因素的研究都集中在“威胁”假设上，即，白色种族主义随着更多的黑人人口构成的竞争而加剧。我们认为，在种族隔离的美国，背景效应比这更复杂，涉及种族和社会经济地位。从1991年种族和政治调查和1990年人口普查中得出的关于个人种族态度和环境的种族和教育构成的跨层次数据支持这一论断。生活在更多未受教育的白人中对白人种族态度的影响比生活在更多黑人中更大。进一步的分析表明，这种影响的来源来自种族间的竞争，而更多的是来自低地位背景下产生的外群体敌意的心理反应。我们还发现，白人的种族目标政策的看法是由种族背景，但只有在上下文参数与政策结果相吻合。我们的研究结果表明了威胁论的具体局限性，并强调了社会环境塑造种族态度的其他方式。
Most research on the environmental determinants of whites' racial attitudes focuses on the "threat" hypothesis, i.e., that white racism increases with the competition posed by a larger black population. We argue that in the segregated United Stales, contextual effects are more complicated than this, involving both race and socio-economic status. Cross-level data on individual racial attitudes and the environment's racial and education composition, constructed from the 1991 Race and Politics Survey and the 1990 Census, support this assertion. Living amongst more uneducated whites has a greater impact on whites' racial attitudes than does living amongst more blacks. Further analysis shows that the sources of this effect come less from interracial competition and more from a psychological response of out-group hostility generated by low status contexts. We also find that whites' views on racially targeted policies are shaped by racial contexts but only where the contextual parameter coincides with the policy outcome. Our findings suggest specific limitations to the threat thesis and highlight other ways that social contexts shape racial attitudes.