Reactive oxygen species, oxidative signaling and the regulation of photosynthesis.
Reactive oxygen species, oxidative signaling and the regulation of photosynthesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.05.003
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发表时间：
2018-10
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Foyer CH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foyer CH
光合作用产生大量活性氧。ROS和抗氧化剂在叶绿体与细胞核通讯的氧化还原信号转导中起重要作用。一些叶绿体具有专门的信号功能，调节表观遗传以及遗传编程。光抑制和光合能力的缓慢可逆下降不一定是光诱导的PSII反应中心的损害的结果。还原-氧化（氧化还原）反应，其中电子从供体移动到受体，是光合作用的功能核心。因此，光合作用大量产生活性氧（ROS）并不奇怪，它提供了大量的氧化还原信号，同时也是能量和代谢通量的重要调节剂。叶绿体配备了一个精心设计的多方面的保护网络，即使在资源有限的自然环境中，也能使光合作用以高生产力发挥作用。这包括许多具有重叠功能的抗氧化剂，在氧化还原控制方面提供了巨大的灵活性。ROS是叶绿体信号库的一个组成部分，这些信号被转移到细胞核，以传达有关电子传递链内氧化还原压力的重要信息。目前的证据表明，有特异性的基因表达谱触发不同的ROS信号，使单线态氧触发程序相关的过度激发光系统（PS）II，而超氧化物和过氧化氢促进其他套件的基因，可能有助于减轻电子压力的PSI的还原侧的表达。并非所有叶绿体的信号功能都是相同的，一些亚群似乎比其他亚群更好地接触/进入细胞核，以促进遗传和表观遗传反应。虽然光诱导的ROS增加导致PSII损伤和光抑制的概念嵌入在光合作用文献中，但关于这种氧化损伤在自然界中发生的程度几乎没有共识。光合能力的缓慢可逆下降不一定是光诱导的PSII反应中心的损害的结果。
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in abundance by photosynthesis. ROS and antioxidants function in redox signal transduction that is important in chloroplast to nucleus communication. Some chloroplasts have specialized signaling functions that regulate epigenetic as well as genetic programming. Photoinhibition and slowly reversible decreases in photosynthetic capacity are not necessarily the result of light-induced damage to PSII reaction centers. Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions, in which electrons move from a donor to an acceptor, are the functional heart of photosynthesis. It is not surprising therefore that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in abundance by photosynthesis, providing a plethora of redox signals as well as functioning as essential regulators of energy and metabolic fluxes. Chloroplasts are equipped with an elaborate and multifaceted protective network that allows photosynthesis to function with high productivity even in resource-limited natural environments. This includes numerous antioxidants with overlapping functions that provide enormous flexibility in redox control. ROS are an integral part of the repertoire of chloroplast signals that are transferred to the nucleus to convey essential information concerning redox pressure within the electron transport chain. Current evidence suggests that there is specificity in the gene-expression profiles triggered by the different ROS signals, so that singlet oxygen triggers programs related to over excitation of photosystem (PS) II while superoxide and hydrogen peroxide promote the expression of other suites of genes that may serve to alleviate electron pressure on the reducing side of PSI. Not all chloroplasts are equal in their signaling functions, with some sub-populations appearing to have better contacts/access to the nucleus than others to promote genetic and epigenetic responses. While the concept that light-induced increases in ROS result in damage to PSII and photoinhibition is embedded in the photosynthesis literature, there is little consensus concerning the extent to which such oxidative damage happens in nature. Slowly reversible decreases in photosynthetic capacity are not necessarily the result of light-induced damage to PSII reaction centers.