The role of hedgerows in soil functioning within agricultural landscapes
The role of hedgerows in soil functioning within agricultural landscapes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2018.11.027
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Leake, J. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Holden, J.;Grayson, R. P.;Leake, J. R.
农业集约化导致全世界树篱和田边的严重损失。土壤样品的提取，在原位时间序列的土壤水分，温度和土壤水质分析，每年的土壤采样和丛枝菌根（AM）真菌采样，使典型的绿篱，草地边缘，牧场和耕地（主要是冬小麦）在温带，低地设置领域之间的土壤功能比较。平均容重（上50厘米），表面压实度和土壤含水量显着较低，而有机质含量和孔隙水溶解有机碳浓度显着更大的绿篱土壤，比边缘或领域。平均硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度分别为3倍和10倍，在土壤溶液中，绿篱下比耕地，而铵浓度最少的耕地。饱和导水率显着更大的灌木篱下（中位数= 102毫米小时（-1）），平均需要一个小时以上的土壤达到最大含水量降雨后，比邻近的耕地（中位数= 3毫米小时（-1））或牧场和边缘（中位数= 27毫米小时（-1））。绿篱土壤中通过微孔的流量比例较大，大孔流量较小。牧草地和边缘土壤的大孔隙流比例最大（> 85%），且有更多（且更大）的非生物物种，如产生垂直洞穴的蚯蚓（Lumbricus terrestris）。蚯蚓密度、生物量和多样性在草地和边缘土壤中较大，其次是植物篱土壤，在耕地土壤中最低。对于总的和AM真菌，绿篱土壤托管一个独特的和异质的土壤群落，边缘和牧场社区是不同的，但聚集在一起，耕地社区形成了一个独特的集群，低样本间的变化和显着最低的AM真菌丰富度。研究结果表明，植物篱下的土壤，这应该被保护，可以提供重要的功能，农田，包括储存有机碳，促进渗透和储存径流，增加植物多样性和托管不同的AM群落。
Intensification of agriculture has led to major losses of hedgerows and field margins worldwide. Soil sample extraction, in situ time series of soil moisture, temperature and soil water quality analyses, annual earthworm sampling and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi sampling enabled comparison of soil functions between typical hedgerows, grass field margins, pasture and arable (mainly winter wheat) fields in a temperate, lowland setting. Mean bulk density (upper 50 cm), surface compaction and soil moisture content were significantly lower while organic matter content and porewater dissolved organic carbon concentrations were significantly greater in hedgerow soils, than margins or fields. Mean nitrate and phosphate concentrations were three and ten times larger, respectively, in soil solutions under hedgerows than arable fields while ammonium concentrations were least in arable fields. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly greater under hedgerows (median = 102 mm hr(-1)) where it took an average of one hour longer for soils to reach maximum moisture content following rainfall, than adjacent arable (median = 3 mm hr(-1)) or pasture fields and margins (median = 27 mm hr(-1)). Hedgerow soils had a greater proportion of flow through micropores and less macropore flow than other soils. The pasture and margin soils had the largest proportion of macropore flow (> 85%) and more (and larger) anecic earthworm species, such as Lumbricus terrestris which produce vertical burrows. Earthworm density, biomass and diversity were greater in pasture and margin soils, followed by hedgerow soils, and tended to be lowest in arable soils. For both total and AM fungi, hedgerow soils hosted a distinct and heterogeneous soil community, margin and pasture communities were diverse but clustered together, and arable communities formed a distinct cluster, with low inter-sample variation and significantly lowest AM fungal richness. The findings demonstrate that soils under hedgerows, which should be conserved, can provide important functions on farmland including storing organic carbon, promoting infiltration and storing runoff, increasing earthworm diversity and hosting distinct AM communities.