Autism and vitamin D
Autism and vitamin D
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.mehy.2007.08.016
复制
发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Cannell, John Jacob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cannell, John Jacob
任何自闭症病因学理论在解释其惊人的流行病学特征时，都必须考虑到其强大的遗传基础。在过去的20年里，自闭症患病率的明显增加与越来越多的避免阳光的医疗建议相对应，这些建议可能降低了维生素D水平，理论上会大大降低发育中大脑的活性维生素D（骨化三醇）水平。动物数据一再表明，妊娠期间严重的维生素D缺乏会使数十种参与大脑发育的蛋白质失调，并导致大鼠幼崽的大脑体积增大和脑室扩大，这些异常与自闭症儿童中发现的异常相似。患有威廉姆斯综合征的儿童，在婴儿早期可能有很高的骨化三醇水平，通常具有与自闭症相反的表型。患有维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的儿童有几个自闭症标志物，这些标志物在高剂量维生素D治疗后明显消失。雌激素和睾丸激素对catcitriot的新陈代谢有非常不同的影响，这些差异可以解释自闭症患者中惊人的男女性别比例。骨化三醇下调大脑中炎症细胞因子的产生，这些细胞因子与自闭症有关。怀孕期间食用含有维生素D的鱼类可减少后代的自闭症症状。孤独症在UVB渗透受损的地区更常见，如低纬度地区、城市地区、空气污染严重的地区和降水量高的地区。自闭症在深肤色的人中更常见，而严重的母亲维生素D缺乏症在深肤色的人中尤为常见。结论：激活神经骨化三醇的酶的简单高斯分布，结合广泛的妊娠期和/或幼儿期维生素D缺乏，可以解释自闭症的遗传学和流行病学。如果是这样的话，那么大部分疾病都是医源性的，是由避免阳光照射的医学建议引起的。有几种类型的研究可以很容易地检验这一理论。(c)2007爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Any theory of autism's etiology must take into account its strong genetic basis while explaining its striking epidemiology. The apparent increase in the prevalence of autism over the last 20 years corresponds with increasing medical advice to avoid the sun, advice that has probably Lowered vitamin D levels and would theoretically greatly lower activated vitamin D (calcitriol) levels in developing brains. Animal data has repeatedly shown that severe vitamin D deficiency during gestation dysregulates dozens of proteins involved in brain development and leads to rat pups with increased brain size and enlarged ventricles, abnormalities similar to those found in autistic children. Children with the Williams Syndrome, who can have greatly elevated calcitriol levels in early infancy, usually have phenotypes that are the opposite of autism. Children with vitamin D deficient rickets have several autistic markers that apparently disappear with high-dose vitamin D treatment. Estrogen and testosterone have very different effects on catcitriot's metabolism, differences that may explain the striking male/female sex ratios in autism. Calcitriol down-regulates production of inflammatory cytokines in the brain, cytokines that have been associated with autism. Consumption of vitamin D containing fish during pregnancy reduces autistic symptoms in offspring. Autism is more common in areas of impaired UVB penetration such as poteward latitudes, urban areas, areas with high air pollution, and areas of high precipitation. Autism is more common in dark-skinned persons and severe maternal vitamin D deficiency is exceptionally common the dark-skinned. Conclusion: simple Gaussian distributions of the enzyme that activates neural calcitriol combined with widespread gestational and/or early childhood vitamin D deficiency may explain both the genetics and epidemiology of autism. If so, much of the disease is iatrogenic, brought on by medical advice to avoid the sun. Several types of studies could easily test the theory. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.