Do Machines Make History?
Do Machines Make History?
复制标题
机器能创造历史吗？
DOI：
10.2307/3101719
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发表时间：
1967
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
R. Heilbroner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Heilbroner
从某种意义上说，机器创造了历史，技术水平直接影响着人类的戏剧性，这当然是显而易见的。同样清楚的是，它们并没有创造历史的全部，无论这个词如何定义。因此，我们面临的挑战是，看人们是否能对这个问题进行系统的阐述，看人们是否能对这个问题进行排序，使它变得可以在智力上加以管理。要做到这一点，就需要从一开始就仔细地确定我们的任务。机器创造历史的许多重要方式在这里与我们无关。例如，人们可以研究技术对历史政治进程的影响，战争技术所发挥的核心作用最明显地证明了这一点。或者，我们可以研究机器对构成历史演变基础的社会态度的影响：我们可以想到收音机或电视对人类的影响。
That machines make history in some sense-that the level of technology has a direct bearing on the human drama-is of course obvious. That they do not make all of history, however that word be defined, is equally clear. The challenge, then, is to see if one can say something systematic about the matter, to see whether one can order the problem so that it becomes intellectually manageable. To do so calls at the very beginning for a careful specification of our task. There are a number of important ways in which machines make history that will not concern us here. For example, one can study the impact of technology on the political course of history, evidenced most strikingly by the central role played by the technology of war. Or one can study the effect of machines on the social attitudes that underlie historical evolution: one thinks of the effect of radio or television on