Prebiotics and intestinal flora
Prebiotics and intestinal flora
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益生元和肠道菌群
DOI：
10.12938/bifidus1996.21.3
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Mitsuoka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Mitsuoka
在过去的50年里，肠道菌群的研究取得了很大的进展，主要包括：(1)建立了一种综合的培养方法；(2)建立了肠道厌氧菌的分类和鉴定；(3)微生态证据的积累和肠道菌群对人体健康的有益和有害作用。因此，推广双歧杆菌等有益细菌，抑制肠道菌群中梭状芽胞杆菌等有害细菌具有重要意义。这些肠道菌群研究的进展是功能食品出现的背景，根据其作用机制，功能食品可分为3类：益生菌、益生菌和生物制剂。益生元是一种不可消化的食品成分，通过选择性地刺激结肠中有益细菌的生长和/或抑制那里有害细菌的生长，有益于影响宿主。益生素具有改善寄主健康的潜力：候选的是不可消化的低聚糖，如乳果糖、水苏糖、棉子糖、低聚果糖、大豆低聚糖、乳糖、低聚半乳糖、异麦芽寡糖、低聚木糖和棕榈糖。大多数寡糖是由双歧杆菌(虽然不是双歧杆菌)在体外发酵的，并在一定程度上被脆弱类杆菌和肠球菌发酵，但它们不是由产气荚膜杆菌或大肠杆菌发酵的。口服低聚糖可促进肠道双歧杆菌的增殖，改善宿主粪便的性质，清除肠道，从而有益地改变宿主的脂质代谢。
During the past 5 decades, research in intestinal flora has made rapid progress, which includes the following: (1) development of a comprehensive culture method; (2) establishment of the classification and identification of intestinal anaerobic bacteria; (3) accumulation of microecological evidence and the beneficial and harmful functions of intestinal flora in human health. Thus it is of great importance to promote beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and to suppress harmful bacteria such as clostridia among the intestinal flora. These advances in intestinal flora research are the background for the appearance of functional foods, which are classified into 3 groups based on their mechanisms of action: probiotics, prebiotics, and biogenics. Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients, which beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria in the colon and/or by suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria there. The prebiotics have the potential to improve host health: The candidates are nondigestible oligosaccharides such as lactulose, stachyose, raffinose, fructo-oligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, lactosucrose, galactooligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, and palatinose. Most oligosaccharides are fermented in vitro by Bifidobacterium species (though not by B. bifidum) and to a limited degree by the Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterococcus, but they are not fermented by C. perfringens or Escherichia coli. The oral administration of oligosaccharides enhances the proliferation of intestinal bifidobacteria, improving the properties of the host's stool and scavenging the intestine, thereby altering host lipid metabolism in a beneficial way.