Risk perceptions and their relation to risk behavior
Risk perceptions and their relation to risk behavior
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DOI：
10.1207/s15324796abm2702_7
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Herrington, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brewer, NT;Weinstein, ND;Herrington, JE
背景：由于风险感知会影响保护行为，保护行为也会影响风险感知，这两个结构之间的关系复杂，不正确的测试往往会导致无效的结论。目的：探讨和检验3个容易混淆的假设：(A)行为动机假说(对个人风险的感知导致人们采取保护行动)，(B)风险再评估假说(当人们采取被认为有效的行动时，他们降低了风险感知)和(C)准确性假说(风险感知准确地反映了风险行为)。方法：采用纵向研究，在莱姆病疫苗上市后立即进行首次访谈，并在18个月后对美国东北部莱姆病发病率较高的3个县的成年房主进行随机抽样(N=745)。对莱姆病疫苗接种行为和风险认知进行评估。结果：3个假说均得到支持。初始风险认知较高的参与者比风险认知较低的参与者更有可能接种莱姆病疫苗(OR=5.81，95%CI 2.63-12.82，p<；.001)。接种疫苗降低了患者的风险认知，x~(2)(1，N=745)=30.90，p<；而且，接种疫苗的人正确地认为他们未来感染的风险低于未接种疫苗的人(OR=.44，95%CI.21-91，p<；.05)。结论：行为动机假说在这项纵向研究中得到支持，但相反的结论(即风险越高，保护性行为越少)将从仅基于横断面数据的错误测试中得出。健康研究人员应该注意制定和测试风险感知行为假说。
Background: Because risk perceptions can affect protective behavior and protective behavior can affect risk perceptions, the relations between these 2 constructs are complex and incorrect tests often lead to invalid conclusions. Purpose: To discuss and carry out appropriate tests of 3 easily confused hypotheses: (a) the behavior motivation hypothesis (perceptions of personal risk cause people to take protective action), (b) the risk reappraisal hypothesis (when people take actions thought to be effective, they lower their risk perceptions), and (c) the accuracy hypothesis (risk perceptions accurately reflect risk behavior). Methods: Longitudinal study with an initial interview just after the Lyme disease vaccine was made publicly available and a follow-up interview 18 months later Random sample of adult homeowners (N = 745) in 3 northeastern U.S. counties with high Lyme disease incidence. Lyme disease vaccination behavior and risk perception were assessed. Results: All 3 hypotheses were supported. Participants with higher initial risk perceptions were much more likely than those with lower risk perceptions to get vaccinated against Lyme disease (OR = 5.81, 95% CI 2.63-12.82, p < .001). Being vaccinated led to a reduction in risk perceptions, chi(2)(1, N = 745) = 30.90, p < . 001, and people vaccinated correctly believed that their risk of future infection was lower than that of people not vaccinated (OR = .44, 95% CI .21-91, p < .05). Conclusions: The behavior motivation hypothesis was supported in this longitudinal study, but the opposite conclusion (i.e., that higher risk led to less protective behavior) would have been drawn from an incorrect test based only on cross-sectional data. Health researchers should take care informulating and testing risk-perception-behavior hypotheses.