Fluid Movement and Creativity Pilot Experiments-猫眼课题宝

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M. Slepian;N. Ambady;L. Slepian

认知科学家将创造力描述为流动的思维。根据手势和具身认知的研究结果，我们假设，相对于非流动性，流动性的身体体验会带来更加流动性和创造性的思维。在 3 项实验中，流畅的手臂运动增强了 3 个领域的创造力：创造力、认知灵活性和远程关联。还研究了其他机制，例如增强情绪和动机。这些结果表明创造力可能会受到某些类型的身体运动的影响。创造力理论将创造性思维和智力描述为流体（Hofstadter，1995；Sternberg，1985），将思想比作流体的运动：在任何方向上灵活、流畅地流畅或轻松地移动。这种语言反映了对创造性思维的思考的隐喻。例如，创造性思维常常与分析性思维形成鲜明对比，分析性思维更加严格和精确；流体可以轻松地向多个方向移动，流畅、灵活地产生多种想法的能力对于创造力至关重要（Guilford，1967）。因此，流动思维是某些创造力要素的隐喻（Hofstadter，1995）。断言抽象概念隐喻地基于具体经验。例如，重要性的抽象概念可以通过“重量”这个隐喻来理解，它指的是握着重物的具体感觉。事实上，持有较重（相对于较轻）剪贴板的参与者会根据身体运动和感觉来判断各种问题和物品是否具有更大的重量。越来越多的工作表明，认知内容（概念）可以隐喻地体现在感觉运动系统中（Lan-dau、Meier 和 Keefer，2010），表明身体为抽象概念提供了一个支架（Williams、Huang 和 Bargh，2009）。另一项单独的工作也表明手势会影响思维过程（例如，Cassanto，2011；Goldin-Meadow & Beilock，2010）。例如，手势可以通过允许直接表达空间属性来帮助空间表征，减少翻译为语言代码的需要，从而减轻工作记忆资源（Hostetter＆Alibali，2008），从而改善空间问题的解决并提高言语流畅性（Goldin-Meadow＆Beilock，2010）。此外，运动体验也可以改变认知过程。例如，惯用右手的人更积极地评价右边的物品，而左撇子更喜欢左边的物品（Casasanto，2009），这可能是运动流畅性正价的结果（例如，表明身体可以通过隐喻影响认知过程，认知语言分析表明身体在......

Cognitive scientists describe creativity as fluid thought. Drawing from findings on gesture and embodied cognition, we hypothesized that the physical experience of fluidity, relative to nonfluidity, would lead to more fluid, creative thought. Across 3 experiments, fluid arm movement led to enhanced creativity in 3 domains: creative generation, cognitive flexibility, and remote associations. Alternative mechanisms such as enhanced mood and motivation were also examined. These results suggest that creativity can be influenced by certain types of physical movement. Theories of creativity describe creative thinking and intelligence as fluid (Hofstadter, 1995; Sternberg, 1985), likening thought to the movement of fluids: moving flexibly and smoothly in any direction with fluency or ease. Such language reflects a metaphor for thinking about creative thought. For instance, creative thought is often contrasted with analytical thought, which is more rigid and precise; a fluid can move in multiple directions with ease, and the ability to fluently and flexibly generate multiple thoughts is essential for creativity (Guilford, 1967). Fluid thinking, thus, is a metaphor for certain elements of creativity (Hofstadter, 1995). assert that abstract concepts are metaphorically grounded in concrete experience. For example, the abstract concept of importance might be understood via the metaphor " weighty, " which references the concrete sensation of holding something heavy. Indeed, participants who held a heavy, relative to a light, clipboard judged a variety of issues and items as having greater are grounded in bodily movement and sensation. This growing body of work has demonstrated that cognitive content (concepts) can be metaphorically embodied in sensorimotor systems (Lan-dau, Meier, & Keefer, 2010)—showing that the body provides a scaffold for abstract concepts (Williams, Huang, & Bargh, 2009). A separate body of work also demonstrates that gestures influence thought processes (e.g., Casasanto, 2011; Goldin-Meadow & Beilock, 2010). Gestures, for instance, can aid in spatial representation by allowing direct expression of spatial properties, lessening the need for a translation to verbal codes, and therefore alleviating working memory resources (Hostetter & Alibali, 2008), consequently improving spatial problem solving and enhancing speech fluency (Goldin-Meadow & Beilock, 2010). Additionally, motor experience can also change cognitive processes. For instance, right-handers evaluate items on the right more positively, whereas left-handers prefer items on the left (Casasanto, 2009), a likely result of the positive valence of motor fluency (e. suggested that the body can influence cognitive processes by means of metaphor, whereby cognitive–linguistic analyses suggested a role for the body in …

Fluid Movement and Creativity Pilot Experiments

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