Subjective effects of transdermal nicotine among nonsmokers.
Subjective effects of transdermal nicotine among nonsmokers.
复制标题
透皮尼古丁对非吸烟者的主观影响。
DOI：
10.1037/a0018864
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Hawk,LarryW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashare,RebeccaL;Baschnagel,JosephS;Hawk,LarryW
尼古丁的主观体验可能会受到人格特征和环境因素的影响，这对于理解与尼古丁依赖的启动和维持相关的因素可能是重要的。本研究在一个相对较大的样本(n=91；44名女性)中检验了7毫克尼古丁透皮吸收对大学年龄非吸烟者的影响。采用安慰剂对照、双盲、受试者内部设计，在参与者完成持续的注意力任务后，在休息时和再次检查尼古丁的影响。性别和个性因素(行为抑制和行为方法；BIS/BAS量表；Carver&White，1994)被视为潜在的调节因素。总体而言，尼古丁的影响总体上是温和和令人不快的。在认知任务的背景下，与安慰剂相比，尼古丁增加了恶心和负面情绪，但减少了疲劳。相反，在参与者处于自然环境中的最初4小时内，尼古丁的影响被行为方法的个体差异所缓和。行为抑制和性别都不能可靠地缓解尼古丁的任何主观影响。目前的工作表明，透皮尼古丁对不吸烟的人只产生轻微的、主要是负面的影响。未来的工作应该在通过多种给药途径接触尼古丁的大样本参与者中检查情境和个性主持人。
The subjective experience of nicotine, which may be influenced by personality traits as well as environmental factors, may be important for understanding the factors associated with the initiation and maintenance of nicotine dependence. The present study examined the effects of 7 mg transdermal nicotine among a relatively large sample (n= 91; 44 women) of college-aged nonsmokers. Using a placebo controlled, double-blind, within-subjects design, nicotine’s effects were examined at rest and again after participants completed a sustained attention task. Sex and personality factors (Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Approach; BIS/BAS Scales; Carver & White, 1994) were examined as potential moderators. Overall, the effects of nicotine were generally modest and unpleasant. In the context of the cognitive task, nicotine increased nausea and negative affect but reduced fatigue, relative to placebo. In contrast, effects of nicotine during the initial 4 hr of patch administration, in which participants were in their natural environments, were moderated by individual differences in behavioral approach. Neither behavioral inhibition nor gender reliably moderated any subjective effects of nicotine. The present work suggests transdermal nicotine exerts only modest, mostly negative effects among nonsmokers. Future work should examine both contextual and personality moderators in large samples of participants who are exposed to nicotine through multiple routes of administration.