Infection of the intermediate mite host with Wolbachia-depleted Litomosoides sigmodontis microfilariae:: Impaired L1 to L3 development and subsequent sex-ratio distortion in adult worms
Infection of the intermediate mite host with Wolbachia-depleted Litomosoides sigmodontis microfilariae:: Impaired L1 to L3 development and subsequent sex-ratio distortion in adult worms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.12.006
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hoerauf, Achim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arumugam, Sridhar;Pfarr, Kenneth M.;Hoerauf, Achim
啮齿动物丝虫 Litomosoides sigmodontis 含有沃尔巴克氏体，这是蠕虫胚胎发生、幼虫发育和成虫生存所必需的内共生体。研究去除沃尔巴克氏体的四环素对中间宿主巴科蒂鸟爪龙微丝蚴（L1s、MF）向L3发育的影响，并观察蒙古沙鼠（Meriones unguiculatus）去除沃尔巴克氏体的L3s发育情况；微丝虫病沙鼠口服四环素治疗 6 周（原发感染（1 度）Tet）或不治疗（1 度 Con）。治疗导致 1 度四度沙鼠中每 MF 的沃尔巴克氏体显着减少。然后，幼螨在治疗结束后一周以 1 度 Tet 和 1 度 Con 沙鼠为食，此时 MF 水平没有显着差异，并用于通过自然感染感染新沙鼠（继发感染（2）Tet、2 度 Con）。解剖螨虫的感染率为 9% 和 54%（分别为 1 度 Tet 和 1 度 Con）。 3个月后，从2度沙鼠身上分离出蠕虫。 2 度 Tel 沙鼠中发育的雌性蠕虫明显减少。相比之下，2度沙鼠发育的雄性蠕虫数量没有差异，导致性别比例偏向雄性。尽管 2 度 Tet 雄性线虫比 2 度 Con 雄性线虫含有更少的沃尔巴克氏体，但发育并未受到损害。由沃尔巴克氏体耗尽的 MF 发育而来的雌性蠕虫的沃尔巴克氏体水平相当于 2 度 Con 动物的蠕虫。因此，四环素预处理选择具有高数量沃尔巴克氏体的雌性线虫，而雄性线虫的中位沃尔巴克氏体水平显着低于2度Con雄性。因此，雌性蠕虫的发育需要更高的沃尔巴克氏体阈值。分析的蠕虫仅暴露于四环素作为 MF，排除了四环素在螨或 2 度沙鼠幼虫发育过程中的直接影响，表明四环素的消耗。 MF 中的沃尔巴克氏体是幼虫发育受损的原因。 (c) 2008 年澳大利亚寄生虫学协会。由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。保留所有权利。
The rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis harbour Wolbachia, endosymbionts essential for worm embryogenesis, larval development and adult survival. To study the effect of tetracycline, which depletes Wolbachia, on the development of microfilariae (L1s, MF) to L3 in the intermediate host Ornithonyssus bacoti, and to observe the development of Wolbachia-depleted L3s in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus); microfilaremic gerbils were treated orally with tetracycline for 6 weeks (primary infected (1 degrees) Tet) or untreated (1 degrees Con). Treatment resulted in a significant reduction of Wolbachia per MF in 1 degrees Tet gerbils. Naive mites then fed on the 1 degrees Tet and 1 degrees Con gerbils in the week after treatment ended, when MF levels were not significantly different, and used to infect new gerbils (secondary infected (2) Tet, 2 degrees Con) via natural infection. The infection rate from dissected mites was 9 % and 54% (1 degrees Tet and 1 degrees Con, respectively). After 3 months, worms were isolated from 2 degrees gerbils. Significantly fewer female worms developed in 2 degrees Tel gerbils. In contrast, there was no difference in the number of male worms that developed in 2 degrees gerbils, resulting in a male biased sex-ratio. Although 2 degrees Tet male worms had fewer Wolbachia than 2 degrees Con males, development was not impaired. Female worms that developed from Wolbachia-depleted MF had Wolbachia levels equivalent to worms from 2 degrees Con animals. Thus, tetracycline pre-treatment selected for female worms with high numbers of Wolbachia, whereas male worms had median Wolbachia levels significantly lower than 2 degrees Con males. Therefore, female worms require a higher threshold of Wolbachia for their development. The worms analysed were only exposed to tetracycline as MF, ruling out direct effects of tetracycline during larval development in the mites or 2 degrees gerbils, suggesting that the depletion of. Wolbachia in MF was the cause of impaired larval development. (c) 2008 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.