Longitudinal thermal heterogeneity in rivers and refugia for coldwater species: effects of scale and climate change
Longitudinal thermal heterogeneity in rivers and refugia for coldwater species: effects of scale and climate change
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DOI：
10.1007/s00027-017-0557-9
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Lee, S. Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fullerton, A. H.;Torgersen, C. E.;Lee, S. Y.
气候变化导致的水温上升对水生生物构成挑战。影响的预测通常不考虑河流中的细粒度时空热模式。一块块较冷的水域可以作为夏季迁徙的溯河产卵物种如鲑鱼的避难所。我们使用高分辨率的遥感水温数据来表征整个太平洋西北部和北方加州（美国）的11,308公里的第二-第七阶河流夏季热异质性模式。我们评估了（1）不同空间分辨率下的水温模式，（2）适合太平洋鲑鱼的冷热斑块的频率、大小和间距（即，相邻的延伸>= 0.25 km，= 2 ℃，比邻近水域更高），以及（3）气候变化对冷斑块可用性的潜在影响。热异质性是非线性相关的水温数据的空间分辨率，和异质性在精细分辨率（2.7和5.7和= 20摄氏度，和其他有许多较小的冷补丁。我们的模型预测未来的热异质性河流之间的变化不大，但在河流内的模式有时显着改变相比，当代的模式。这些结果可以为长期监测计划和短期气候适应战略提供信息。
Climate-change driven increases in water temperature pose challenges for aquatic organisms. Predictions of impacts typically do not account for fine-grained spatiotemporal thermal patterns in rivers. Patches of cooler water could serve as refuges for anadromous species like salmon that migrate during summer. We used high-resolution remotely sensed water temperature data to characterize summer thermal heterogeneity patterns for 11,308 km of second-seventh-order rivers throughout the Pacific Northwest and northern California (USA). We evaluated (1) water temperature patterns at different spatial resolutions, (2) the frequency, size, and spacing of cool thermal patches suitable for Pacific salmon (i.e., contiguous stretches >= 0.25 km, = 2 degrees C, aooler than adjacent water), and (3) potential influences of climate change on availability of cool patches. Thermal heterogeneity was nonlinearly related to the spatial resolution of water temperature data, and heterogeneity at fine resolution (2.7 and 5.7 and = 20 degrees C, and others had many smaller cool patches. Our models predicted little change in future thermal heterogeneity among rivers, but within-river patterns sometimes changed markedly compared to contemporary patterns. These results can inform long-term monitoring programs as well as near-term climate-adaptation strategies.