'Polluter Pays' Principle: A Policy Principle
'Polluter Pays' Principle: A Policy Principle
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“污染者付费”原则：一项政策原则
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2458284
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Venkat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Venkat
污染者自付原则（Polluter Pays Principle，PPP）是一项环境政策原则，要求污染者承担污染成本。污染者自付原则最初的出现旨在确定污染预防和控制的成本必须如何分配：污染者必须支付。公私伙伴关系的规范范围随着时间的推移而演变，也包括意外污染的预防、控制和清理费用，这被称为扩大的污染者付费原则。据称，外国公司不愿在印度投资，因为他们不想冒因强制执行绝对责任而不得不对核事故进行无上限赔偿的风险。据了解，政府为了安抚外国投资者，建议提出一项《民用核责任法案》，其中包括核事故赔偿上限为4.5亿美元。任何试图淡化污染者付费和预防原则并对责任施加上限的立法都可能被推翻，因为这是对最高法院判决的公然蔑视。此外，这将违背印度人民的利益和宝贵的基本生命权，保护印度人民应是任何文明民主政府的首要关切。
The Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) is an environmental policy principle which requires that the costs of pollution be borne by those who cause it. In its original emergence the Polluter Pays Principle aims at determining how the costs of pollution prevention and control must be allocated: the polluter must pay. The normative scope of the PPP has evolved over time to include also accidental pollution prevention, control and clean-up costs, in what is referred to as extended Polluter Pays Principle. It is claimed that foreign companies are reluctant to invest in India as they do not want to run the risk of having to compensate without a cap for a nuclear accident on account of imposition of absolute liability. It is understood that the government to appease the foreign investors proposes to introduce a Civil Nuclear Liability Bill whereby inter alia the compensation payable in case of a nuclear accident is capped at $450 million. Any legislation that attempts to dilute the Polluter Pays and Precautionary Principle and imposes a cap on liability is likely to be struck down as it would be in blatant defiance of the Supreme Court judgments. Moreover, it would be against the interests and the cherished fundamental right to life of the people of India whose protection should be the primary concern of any civilized democratic government.