Coccidiosis in the European badger (Meles meles) from England, an epidemiological study
Coccidiosis in the European badger (Meles meles) from England, an epidemiological study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0031182099005491
复制
发表时间：
2000-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Kelly, DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anwar, MA;Newman, C;Kelly, DW
从英国牛津郡 Wytham Woods 的 259 只欧洲獾 (Meles meles) 中收集了总共 445 份粪便样本 (462 080)。显微镜检查显示感染两种球虫：蜜蜂艾美耳球虫和蜜蜂等孢球虫。根据对每只动物的初步检查，计算出艾美球虫和等孢球虫的点患病率分别为 0.44 和 0.35。艾美球虫的感染强度明显高于等球虫，并且两个物种的强度分布都高度倾斜，少数个体脱落了大部分卵囊。两种球虫的发病率和恢复率是根据每 3 个月从成年獾种群子集收集的纵向数据计算的，并且基于这些数据的预测患病率与点患病率相似。这表明成年人群中寄生虫引起的死亡率即使有，也很少。相比之下，从幼崽到成年獾，艾美耳球虫感染的点流行率和强度显着降低，表明在初次接触时对艾美耳球虫有一定程度的获得性免疫力和/或幼崽种群中与艾美耳球虫相关的死亡率显着降低。等孢球虫感染没有发现这种关系。在那些同时感染的成年獾中，艾美球虫和等孢虫的强度之间存在直接关系。这些寄生虫的分类学状况表明，蜜蜂疫病菌具有异源生命周期，并且是蜜蜂疫病菌的直接传播。然而，合并感染的患病率高于预期，这与公共厕所等常见感染源是一致的。
In total 445 faecal samples were collected from 259 European badgers (Meles meles) in Wytham Woods, Oxfordshire, UK (462 080). Microscopical examination revealed infection with 2 species of coccidia Eimeria melis and Isospora melis. From the initial examination of each animal, point prevalence rates of 0.44 and 0.35 were calculated for Eimeria and Isospora respectively. The intensity of infection was significantly greater for Eimeria than Isopora and the distribution of intensities was highly skewed for both species, with a few individuals shedding the majority of oocysts. Incidence and recovery rates for both coccidia species were calculated from longitudinal data collected at 3-monthly intervals from a subset of the adult badger population, and the predicted prevalence rates based on these were similar to the point prevalence rates. This suggests little, if any, parasite-induced mortality in the adult population. In contrast, there was a marked and significant reduction in the point prevalence and intensity of infection with Eimeria from cub to adult badger suggesting a degree of acquired immunity to Eimeria melis on initial exposure and/or that there is significant Eimeria-associated mortality in the cub population. No such relationship was found for Isospora infection. In those adult badgers with co-infections there was a direct relationship between the intensity of Eimeria and Isospora. The taxonomic status of these parasites suggests a heteroxenous life-cycle for I. melis, and direct transmission of E. melis. However, the greater than expected prevalence of co-infection is consistent with a common source of infection, such as communal latrines.