Suspended Sediment and Morphological Response on Banzu Tidal Flat, Japan
Suspended Sediment and Morphological Response on Banzu Tidal Flat, Japan
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日本万祖滩涂的悬浮沉积物和形态响应
DOI：
10.1061/40566(260)106
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Katoh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Uchiyama;Y. Kuriyama;K. Katoh
通过短期野外观测，研究了潮滩水动力、泥沙悬浮和地貌过程。尽管长期累积率估计仅约为4厘米/年，但潮滩地形在两周内波动约8厘米。悬沙浓度与潮流、风生流和波浪引起的床面切应力高度相关。在落潮期间，高水位与平均水位之间的波浪和水流相对较大，导致高浊度，经常观察到情景性侵蚀。为了保护和恢复滩涂、湿地和盐沼的生态系统，地形变化的预测是一个重要的工程问题（Paterson 1989）。潮间带沉积物为它们的常驻底栖动物提供了一个重要的栖息地，这是大型滨鸟群落的食物资源（Ferns 1983）。即使在潮滩上发生轻微的侵蚀（这种侵蚀在桑迪上可以忽略不计），人们也认为侵蚀对常驻底栖生物的影响非常严重（Kakino，2000年）。了解滩涂和湿地对包括波浪和水流在内的环境的原位形态反应，是形成对有效管理潮间带至关重要的概念和定量模型的先决条件。1)研究科学家，沿岸的漂移实验室，海洋环境司，港口研究所，3-1-1 Nagase，横须贺239-0826，日本。uchiyama@ipc.phri.go.jp主任，沿岸的漂移实验室，海洋环境司，港口和海港研究所，3-1-1 Nagase，横须贺239-0826，日本。kuriyama@cc.phri.go.jp日本横须贺市长濑3-1-1港口研究所水利工程部主任，邮编239-0826。网址：k@cc.phri.go.jp
A short-term field observation was conducted to investigate hydrodynamics, sediment suspension and morphological processes on an intertidal flat. The topography on the tidal flat was found to fluctuate by about 8 cm during two weeks although long-term accumulation rate was estimated to be only about 4 cm/y. Suspended sediment concentrations were highly correlated with bed shear stress due to tidal current, windinduced current and wave. Episodic erosions were frequently observed with high turbidities, which were caused by relatively high wave and strong current between the high water and the mean water during ebb tide. INTRODUCTION For preservation and rehabilitation of ecosystems on tidal flats, wetlands and salt marshes, prediction of topography change is a significant engineering issue (Paterson 1989). The intertidal sediments provide an important habitat to their resident infauna, which acts as a food resource for large communities of shorebirds (Ferns 1983). Even when slight erosion, which may be negligible on sandy beaches, occurs on tidal flats, the impact of the erosion on the resident benthos is preconceived to be remarkably serious (Kakino 2000). The understanding of in situ morphological response of flats and wetlands to their environments including waves and currents is a prerequisite for the formation of conceptual and quantitative models that are essential to allow effective management of the intertidal area. 1) Research Scientist, Littoral Drift Laboratory, Marine Environment Division, Port and Harbour Research Institute, 3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka 239-0826, Japan. uchiyama@ipc.phri.go.jp 2) Chief, Littoral Drift Laboratory, Marine Environment Division, Port and Harbour Research Institute, 3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka 239-0826, Japan. kuriyama@cc.phri.go.jp 3) Director, Hydraulic Engineering Division, Port and Harbour Research Institute, 3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka 239-0826, Japan. katoh k@cc.phri.go.jp