Response terminated displays unload selective attention.
Response terminated displays unload selective attention.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00967
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Vecera SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roper ZJ;Vecera SP
知觉负载理论通过引入对选择性注意效率的适应性控制，成功取代了早期选择与晚期选择之争。除非知觉负载（p负载）足够低，使得注意力能够 “溢出” 到与任务无关的刺激上，否则通常会观察到早期选择现象。许多探究负载理论的研究采用了有限的展示时长，这可能会对编码过程施加人为限制。我们在一项经典的p负载任务中延长了刺激呈现时长，以减轻可能会给记忆巩固过程带来负担的时间编码需求。如果负载效应仅源于知觉需求，那么通过延长呈现时长来释放可用的记忆资源，应该不会产生太大影响。实验1的结果推翻了这一预测。我们观察到，在高p负载、以反应终止的展示条件下，存在可靠的侧翼效应。接下来，我们对呈现时长和任务相关性进行了正交操纵。与直觉相反，我们发现，在高p负载下观察到侧翼效应的可能性取决于与任务相关阵列的时长，而非侧翼刺激本身的时长。我们认为，刺激和编码需求相互作用产生了负载效应。我们的解释阐明了任务参数如何通过在刺激短暂呈现时，将视觉短期记忆作为额外的处理瓶颈，从而对认知过程产生不同影响，进而导致注意力 “溢出”。
Perceptual load theory successfully replaced the early vs. late selection debate by appealing to adaptive control over the efficiency of selective attention. Early selection is observed unless perceptual load (p-Load) is sufficiently low to grant attentional “spill-over” to task-irrelevant stimuli. Many studies exploring load theory have used limited display durations that perhaps impose artificial limits on encoding processes. We extended the exposure duration in a classic p-Load task to alleviate temporal encoding demands that may otherwise tax mnemonic consolidation processes. If the load effect arises from perceptual demands alone, then freeing-up available mnemonic resources by extending the exposure duration should have little effect. The results of Experiment 1 falsify this prediction. We observed a reliable flanker effect under high p-Load, response-terminated displays. Next, we orthogonally manipulated exposure duration and task-relevance. Counter-intuitively, we found that the likelihood of observing the flanker effect under high p-Load resides with the duration of the task-relevant array, not the flanker itself. We propose that stimulus and encoding demands interact to produce the load effect. Our account clarifies how task parameters differentially impinge upon cognitive processes to produce attentional “spill-over” by appealing to visual short-term memory as an additional processing bottleneck when stimuli are briefly presented.