Doing Gender, Determining Gender
Doing Gender, Determining Gender
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做性别，决定性别
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kristen Schilt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laurel Westbrook;Kristen Schilt
这篇文章探讨了“决定性别”，这是将他人置于性别类别的社会实践的总称。我们借鉴了三个案例研究，展示了谁算男人，谁算女人的冲突时刻：关于扩大跨性别就业权利的公开辩论，确定跨性别者参加竞技体育资格的政策，以及取消生殖器手术要求以改变出生证明上的性别标记的建议。我们表明，确定性别的标准在不同的社会空间。性别整合的空间更有可能使用基于身份的标准，而性别隔离的空间，如我们之前研究的性空间（Schilt和Westbrook 2009），更有可能使用基于生物学的标准。此外，由于人们认为女性天生脆弱，而男性是危险的，“男性”和“女性”的空间没有得到平等的监管，这使得进入女性空间成为关于变性人权利的辩论的核心。
This article explores “determining gender,” the umbrella term for social practices of placing others in gender categories. We draw on three case studies showcasing moments of conflict over who counts as a man and who counts as a woman: public debates over the expansion of transgender employment rights, policies determining eligibility of transgender people for competitive sports, and proposals to remove the genital surgery requirement for a change of sex marker on birth certificates. We show that criteria for determining gender differ across social spaces. Gender-integrated spaces are more likely to use identity-based criteria, while gender-segregated spaces, like the sexual spaces we have previously examined (Schilt and Westbrook 2009), are more likely to use biology-based criteria. In addition, because of beliefs that women are inherently vulnerable and men are dangerous, “men’s” and “women’s” spaces are not policed equally—making access to women’s spaces central to debates over transgender rights.