Human disturbance and prey occupancy as predictors of carnivore richness and biomass in a Himalayan hotspot
Human disturbance and prey occupancy as predictors of carnivore richness and biomass in a Himalayan hotspot
复制标题
人类干扰和猎物占据作为喜马拉雅热点地区食肉动物丰富度和生物量的预测因子
DOI：
10.1111/acv.12600
复制
发表时间：
2020-05-16
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jiang, X. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, X. Y.;Bleisch, W. V.;Jiang, X. L.
食肉动物具有很高的生态重要性，通常是保护的旗舰物种。然而，营养相互作用和人类干扰对食肉动物群落及其在温带森林中猎物的发生的直接和间接影响仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们基于相机捕捉数据和通径分析，评估了净初级生产力、猎物(Muntjac Spp)占有率和人类干扰对食肉动物丰富度和生物量形成的直接和间接影响。通径分析表明，食肉动物群落结构的主要影响因素是鼠兔的占有率和人类聚居地的邻近程度。食肉动物的生物量直接受居住的影响，而食肉动物的丰富度则随着距离居民点的距离而增加。Mutjac占有率本身直接取决于净初级生产力。我们还确定了对食肉动物生物量的几个间接影响。距居民点最近的距离的增加对食肉动物的生物量有正的间接影响，这是通过增加食肉动物的丰富度来实现的。净第一性生产力与食肉动物生物量之间存在间接的正相关关系，这是通过增加鼠兔占有率来实现的。家畜的发生概率与芒果的发生概率之间没有显著的相关性。我们的结果表明，在模拟食肉动物群落的生物多样性模式时，考虑猎物发生和人类干扰的重要性。食肉动物保护管理做法应包括努力停止狩猎和限制人类在保护区核心区的存在。
Carnivores are of high ecological importance and often serve as flagship species for conservation. Yet, the direct and indirect effects of trophic interactions and human disturbance on carnivore communities and the occurrence of their prey in temperate forests remain poorly understood. Here we evaluate the direct and indirect effects of net primary productivity, prey (Muntjac spp) occupancy and human disturbance in shaping carnivore richness and biomass based on camera-trap data and path analysis. Path analysis indicated that muntjac occupancy and proximity of human settlements were the main factors structuring carnivore communities. Carnivore biomass was directly affected by muntjac occupancy, while carnivore richness increased with distance from the nearest residential site. Muntjac occupancy per se directly depended on net primary productivity. We also identified several indirect effects on carnivore biomass. Increasing distance to the nearest residential site had a positive indirect effect on carnivore biomass that was mediated by increasing carnivore richness. Net primary productivity was positively associated with carnivore biomass indirectly via increasing muntjac occupancy. There were no significant correlations between the occurrence probability of livestock and muntjac. Our results point to the importance of incorporating prey occurrence and human disturbance in modelling biodiversity patterns of carnivore communities. Carnivore conservation management practices should include efforts to stop hunting and to restrict human presence in the core zones of protected areas.