THE MECHANISM OF RAINDROP SPLASH ON SOIL SURFACES
THE MECHANISM OF RAINDROP SPLASH ON SOIL SURFACES
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DOI：
10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600050040x
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
BRADFORD, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALDURRAH, MM;BRADFORD, JM
根据直径4.6 mm的雨滴撞击各种土壤材料的高速摄影结果，并从土壤力学原理出发，提出了一种描述雨滴撞击饱和土壤表面的土壤脱离机制的新概念。冲击落差造成的脉冲载荷不允许有时间排水；因此，总的土壤体积和容重没有变化。土体表面在水滴脉冲荷载作用下发生变形；然而，撞击区域下的垂直应变由凹陷周边的凸起来补偿。液滴的垂直力转化为侧向剪切，由液滴径向流动引起。飞溅角由空腔的深度和周围凸起的大小决定。落锥法测定的溅角与土体抗剪强度高度相关。较低的土强度导致空腔和周围凸起较大，由于径向流的剪切应力，土颗粒脱落较大，与水平面的飞溅角较大。
From the results of high-speed photography of 4.6-mm-diameter drops impacting various soil materials and from soil mechanics principles, a new concept in describing the mechanism of soil detachment from raindrops impacting on saturated soil surfaces is proposed. The impulsive loading caused by the impacting drop does not permit time for drainage; thus there is no change in total soil volume or bulk density. The soil surface is deformed under the impulsive load application of the drop; however, the vertical strain under the impact area is compensated by a bulge around the perimeter of the depression. The vertical force of the drop is transformed to lateral shear caused by radial flow of the impacting drop. Splash angle is determined by the depth of the cavity and the size of the bulge surrounding it. Splash angle was highly correlated with soil shear strength as measured by the fall-cone method. Low soil strength resulted in a larger cavity and surrounding bulge, a greater detachment of soil particles due to the shear stress of the radial flow, and a greater splash angle with the horizon.