Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by sewage treatment facilities in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China
Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by sewage treatment facilities in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.031
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Lam, Paul K. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gulkowska, A.;Leung, H. W.;Lam, Paul K. S.
在本港四间污水处理厂的进水及出水样本，以及深圳一间污水处理厂的进水及出水样本中，分别检测了红霉素-H2O(ERY-H2O)、甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)、四环素(Tet)、诺氟沙星(NOR)、青霉素G(PEN G)、青霉素V(PEN V)、头孢氨苄(CLX)、头孢替辛(CTX)及头孢唑林(CFZ)的浓度。在所有被分析的样品中，PEN V和CFZ的水平都低于方法检测限值。在大部分香港样本中，氯仿的浓度最高，进水样本和流出样本的浓度分别为670至2900毫微克/L和240至1800毫微克/L，而深圳的样本则没有检出。在香港所有污水处理厂的进水样本中，均检出较低浓度的雷公藤-水(470-810 ng/L)和四环素(96-1300 ng/L)。深圳污水处理厂进水中以环磷酰胺为主，平均浓度为1100 ng/L，而在香港污水中浓度较低。这些结果可能反映了香港和深圳在抗生素处方和使用模式上的地区差异。抗生素的去除效率取决于它们的化学性质和所使用的废水处理过程。总体而言，对易被颗粒物吸附的NOR(5-78%)和Tet(7-73%)的去除效率相对较高，而对环境中相对持久的ERY-H2O(9-19%)的去除效率较低。在使用二级处理程序的香港污水处理厂，与只使用一级处理程序的处理程序相比，使用二级处理程序的STP清除抗生素的效率更高。在香港污水处理厂流出的污水中测得的NOR浓度，低于先前一项研究所确定的预测无影响浓度8,000毫微克/L。因此，在这项初步研究中测量的抗生素浓度不太可能对采样的污水处理厂的废水处理过程中使用的微生物造成不利影响。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Concentrations of nine antibiotics [erythromycin- H2O (ERY-H2O); trimethoprim (TMP); tetracycline (TET); norfloxacin (NOR); penicillin G (PEN G); penicillin V (PEN V); cefalexin (CLX); cefotaxim (CTX); and cefazolin (CFZ)] were measured in influent and effluent samples from four sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Hong Kong as well as in influent samples from one STP in Shenzhen. Levels of PEN V and CFZ were below method detection limits in all of the samples analyzed. CLX concentrations were the highest in most of the Hong Kong samples, ranging from 670 to 2900 ng/L and 240 to 1800 ng/L in influent and effluent samples, respectively, but CLX was not detected in the samples from Shenzhen. Comparatively lower concentrations were observed for ERY-H2O (470-810ng/L) and TET (96-1300 ng/L) in the influent samples from all STPs in Hong Kong. CTX was found to be the dominant antibiotic in the Shenzhen STP influents with a mean concentration of 1100 ng/L, but occurred at lower concentrations in Hong Kong sewage. These results likely reflect regional variations in the prescription and use patterns of antibiotics between Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Antibiotic removal efficiencies depended on their chemical properties and the wastewater treatment processes used. In general, relatively higher removal efficiencies were observed for NOR (5-78%) and TET (7-73%), which are readily adsorbed to particulate matter, while lower removal efficiencies were observed for ERY-H2O (9-19%), which is relatively persistent in the environment. Antibiotics were removed more efficiently at Hong Kong STPs employing secondary treatment processes compared with those using primary treatment only. Concentrations of NOR measured in effluents from STPs in Hong Kong were lower than the predicted no-effect concentration of 8000 ng/L determined in a previous study. Therefore, concentrations of antibiotics measured in this preliminary study would be unlikely to cause adverse effects on microorganisms used in wastewater treatment processes at the sampled STPs. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.