Purinergic Modulation of Granule Cells
Purinergic Modulation of Granule Cells
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DOI：
10.1007/s12311-010-0196-3
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Deitmer, Joachim W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Courjaret, Raphael;Teresa Miras-Portugal, Maria;Deitmer, Joachim W.
细胞外嘌呤通过嘌呤能神经传递和神经调节过程在神经系统中发挥作用。在大脑区域中，人们努力研究小脑皮质的嘌呤能调节。此外，使用培养的颗粒细胞作为神经元体外模型提供了有关嘌呤在细胞存活和分化等机制中的影响的重要信息。这篇简短的综述重点关注嘌呤在原位和体外颗粒细胞生理学中的功能。在原位，腺苷已被证明可以抑制颗粒细胞的一些谷氨酸能和 GABA 能突触输入。 GABA 输入的抑制使得细胞的兴奋性增加，而颗粒细胞的输出（平行纤维）也被腺苷下调，这表明嘌呤的调节模式很复杂。在体外，颗粒细胞已被证明表达所有类别的嘌呤能受体、P2X（离子型）、P2Y（代谢型）和腺苷受体的成员。这些受体的特异性表达以及将它们与细胞存活和生长耦合的下游信号通路已被广泛研究。
Extracellular purines exert their action in the nervous system through purinergic neurotransmission and neuromodulatory processes. Among brain areas, efforts have been made to investigate the purinergic modulation of the cerebellar cortex. In addition, the use of granule cells in culture as a neuronal in vitro model provided important information about the implications of purines in mechanisms such as cell survival and differentiation. This short review is focused on the function of purines in the physiology of granule cells in situ and in vitro. In situ, adenosine has been shown to inhibit some of the glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic inputs to granule cells. The inhibition of GABA input allows an increase in the excitability of the cell while the output (parallel fibers) of granule cells is also down-regulated by adenosine, suggesting a complex mode of regulation by purines. In vitro, granule cells have been shown to express members of all classes of purinergic receptors, P2X (ionotropic), P2Y (metabotropic) and adenosine receptors. The specific expression of these receptors and the downstream signaling pathways coupling them to cell survival and growth have been extensively studied.