How to write the names of virus species
How to write the names of virus species
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DOI：
10.1007/s007050050567
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Van Regenmortel, MHV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Van Regenmortel, MHV
在正式的病毒分类中，目、科、亚科和属的名称始终以斜体印刷，并且名称的第一个字母大写。在1998年3月于圣地亚哥举行的会议上，ICTV执行委员会决定将这一做法扩展到物种分类群的名称，以明确表明该物种名称已被批准为官方的国际公认名称。《国际病毒分类和命名规则》的新规则3.40如下：“物种名称以斜体字印刷，第一个单词的第一个字母大写。其他词不大写，除非它们是专有名词或专有名词的一部分。[1]这条规则适用于种名用于指分类实体，即对应于病毒分类中的分类单元的抽象。相应分类实体的正确拼写和排版风格的例子有烟草花叶病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒和墨累河脑炎病毒（河是专有名词）。应该强调的是，只有在物种名称涉及分类学类别时才需要使用斜体和大写字母。例如，在论文的材料和方法部分，研究中使用的病毒被称为特定种属的成员，例如脊髓灰质炎病毒，肠道病毒属，小核糖核酸病毒科。然而，分类学上的名称并不适用于物理实体，如在电子显微镜下所见的制剂中发现的病毒体。实际上，小核糖核酸病毒科、肠道病毒属或脊髓灰质炎病毒属是不可能离心或可视化的，因为提取物不能离心或在显微镜下观察。当提及具体的病毒对象如病毒体时，不需要斜体和大写首字母，并且名称以小写罗马字母书写。这对应于非正式的方言用法，并且是适当的，例如，当小核糖核酸病毒（未斜体）或脊髓灰质炎病毒颗粒被离心或在显微镜下观察时。这也适用于当名称以形容词形式使用时，例如烟草花叶病毒聚合酶。
In formal virus taxonomy, the names of Orders, Families, Subfamilies and Genera are always printed in italics and the first letters of the names are capitalized. At its meeting in San Diego in March 1998, The Executive Committee of the ICTV decided to extend this practice to the names of species taxa in order to give a clear indication that the species name has been approved as the official, internationally recognized name [2]. The new rule 3.40 of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature is as follows:“Species names are printed in italics and have the first letter of the first word capitalized. Other words are not capitalized unless they are proper nouns, or parts of proper nouns.”[1]This rule applies when the species name is used to refer to a taxonomic entity, ie an abstraction corresponding to a taxon in the virus classification. Examples of correct spelling and typographical style for the corresponding taxonomic entities are Tobacco mosaic virus, Poliovirus and Murray River encephalitis virus (River is a proper noun). It should be stressed that italics and capital letters need to be used only if the species name refers to a taxonomic category. This is the case, for instance, when in the Materials and methods section of a paper, the virus used in a study is referred to as a member of a particular species, eg Poliovirus, genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae. However, taxonomic names are not appropriate when referring to physical entities like the virions found in a preparation seen in an electron micrograph. It is, indeed, not possible to centrifuge or visualize the family Picornaviridae, the genus Enterovirus or the species Poliovirus, for abstractions cannot be centrifuged or seen in a microscope. When referring to concrete viral objects such as virions, italics and capital initial letters are not needed and the names are written in lower case Roman script. This corresponds to informal vernacular usage and is appropriate, for instance, when picornaviruses (not italicized) or poliovirus particles are being centrifuged or are visualized in a microscope. This also applies when the names are used in adjectival form, for instance tobacco mosaic virus polymerase.