Variation in Chromosome Constitution of the Xiaoyan Series Partial Amphiploids and Its Relationship to Stripe Rust and Stem Rust Resistance.
Variation in Chromosome Constitution of the Xiaoyan Series Partial Amphiploids and Its Relationship to Stripe Rust and Stem Rust Resistance.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jgg.2015.08.004
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Q. Zheng;Qiaoling Luo;Zhixia Niu;Hongwei Li;Bin Li;Steven S. Xu;Zhen-sheng Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Q. Zheng;Qiaoling Luo;Zhixia Niu;Hongwei Li;Bin Li;Steven S. Xu;Zhen-sheng Li
双倍体是一种杂种，具有来自每个亲本物种的二倍体（即细胞具有每个染色体的两个同源拷贝）染色体组。小麦-高冰草（Thinopyrum ponticum）是小麦与高冰草杂交产生的部分双倍体，通常含有一套完整的小麦染色体和一套不完整的冰草染色体。它们是将禾本科植物染色体上的有用基因转移到小麦染色体上的重要桥梁种质。在20世纪80年代，中国科学院西北植物研究所（杨凌，中国）产生了许多小麦-高冰草部分双二倍体，随后它们被不同的机构保持。对中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所保存的小偃68、小偃693、小偃784、小偃7430和小偃7631等5个部分双倍体的染色体组成进行了分析。本研究对西北农林科技大学（杨凌）保存的5个部分双二倍体（XN-Xiaoyan 68、XN-Xiaoyan 693、XN-Xiaoyan 783、XN-Xiaoyan 784、XN-Xiaoyan 7631）的染色体组成进行了分析，并对它们的条锈病和秆锈病抗性进行了评价。结果表明，XN-小偃693和XN-小偃7631的染色体组成分别与小偃693和小偃7631相似。但XN-小偃68和XN-小偃784的染色体组成分别与小偃68和小偃784不同。茎锈病和条锈病鉴定结果表明，5个XN-小偃双倍体均表现高抗条锈病，其中3个双倍体表现高抗条锈病，XN-小偃68、XN-小偃783和XN-小偃784对秆锈病具有优异的抗性，表明这些双倍体是小麦秆锈病和条锈病抗性改良的有价值的来源。在小麦的第三代基因库中，高冰草Thinopyrumponticum（2n= 10 x = 70）是一个优良的小麦抗病基因来源。小麦-Th. ponticum部分双倍体是从Th.通过染色体工程技术转化为小麦。20世纪80年代，小偃系列小麦Th.在中国科学院西北植物研究所（中国杨凌）产生了ponticum部分双倍体，随后将它们保存在不同的机构中。对中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所保存的小偃68、小偃693、小偃784、小偃7430和小偃7631等5个部分双倍体的染色体组成进行了分析。本研究的目的是确定相同来源的小偃系列部分双倍体在异地保存数年后是否仍具有相似的染色体组成。本研究采用多基因组原位杂交（multiple c-GISH）和基因组荧光原位杂交（mc-FISH）技术，对西北农林科技大学（陕西杨凌）保存的5个部分双二倍体小麦（XN-Xiaoyan 68、XN-Xiaoyan 693、XN-Xiaoyan 783、XN-Xiaoyan 784、XN-Xiaoyan 7631）的染色体组成进行了分析，并对它们的条锈病和秆锈病抗性进行了评价。结果表明，XN-小偃693和XN-小偃7631的染色体组成分别与小偃693和小偃7631相似。然而，XN-小偃68和XN-小偃784分别与小偃68和小偃784的细胞遗传学不同。茎锈病和...
An amphiploid is a hybrid having a diploid (ie cells have two homologous copies of each chromosome) set of chromosomes derived from each parental species. Wheat-tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) partial amphiploids created by crossing bread wheat to tall wheatgrass usually contain a complete set of wheat chromosomes and a partial set of wheatgrass chromosomes. They are an important bridging germplasm for transferring useful genes from the grass chromosomes into wheat chromosomes. In 1980s, a number of wheat-tall wheatgrass partial amphiploids were produced at Northwest Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Yangling, China) and they are subsequently maintained in different institutions. The chromosome constitutions in five partial amphiploids (Xiaoyan 68, Xiaoyan 693, Xiaoyan 784, Xiaoyan 7430, and Xiaoyan 7631) maintained at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing, China) were recently analyzed. In this study, we analyzed the chromosome compositions of the five partial amphiploids (designated as XN-Xiaoyan 68, XN-Xiaoyan 693, XN-Xiaoyan 783, and XN-Xiaoyan 784, XN-Xiaoyan 7631) maintained at Northwest A&F University (Yangling, China) and evaluated their resistance to stripe rust and stem rust. Results showed that XN-Xiaoyan 693 and XN-Xiaoyan 7631 had similar chromosome constitution to Xiaoyan 693 and Xiaoyan 7631, respectively. However, XN-Xiaoyan 68 and XN-Xiaoyan 784 have different chromosome constitution from Xiaoyan 68 and Xiaoyan 784, respectively. Stem rust and stripe evaluation showed that all the five XN-Xiaoyan amphiploids were highly resistant to stripe rust and three of the amphiploids (XN-Xiaoyan 68, XN-Xiaoyan 783, and XN-Xiaoyan 784) had excellent resistance to stem rust, indicating that these amphiploids were a valuable source of stem rust and strip resistance for wheat improvement.Technical Abstract: In the tertiary gene pool of wheat, tall wheatgrass Thinopyrum ponticum (2n= 10x= 70) is an excellent source of resistance genes against numerous wheat diseases. The creation of wheat-Th. ponticum partial amphiploids is an intermediate step for transferring the useful genes from Th. ponticum to wheat through chromosome engineering. In 1980s, a number of Xiaoyan series wheat-Th. ponticum partial amphiploids were produced at Northwest Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Yangling, China) and they are subsequently maintained in different institutions. The chromosome constitutions in five partial amphiploids (Xiaoyan 68, Xiaoyan 693, Xiaoyan 784, Xiaoyan 7430, and Xiaoyan 7631) maintained at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing, China) were recently analyzed. The objective of this study was to determine if the Xiaoyan series partial amphiploids with the same origin still have the similar chromosome constitution after maintenance in different places for several years. In this study, we analyzed the chromosome compositions of the five partial amphiploids (designated as XN-Xiaoyan 68, XN-Xiaoyan 693, XN-Xiaoyan 783, and XN-Xiaoyan 784, XN-Xiaoyan 7631) maintained at Northwest A&F University (Yangling, Shaanxi, China) using the sequential multi c-GISH and mc-FISH technique, and evaluated their resistance to stripe rust and stem rust. Results showed that XN-Xiaoyan 693 and XN-Xiaoyan 7631 had similar chromosome constitution to Xiaoyan 693 and Xiaoyan 7631, respectively. However, XN-Xiaoyan 68 and XN-Xiaoyan 784 are cytogenetically different from Xiaoyan 68 and Xiaoyan 784, respectively. Stem rust and …