Ultrasound molecular imaging: Moving toward clinical translation.
Ultrasound molecular imaging: Moving toward clinical translation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.03.016
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Willmann JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abou-Elkacem L;Bachawal SV;Willmann JK
超声是一种广泛使用、具有成本效益、实时、无创且安全的成像方式，广泛应用于临床的解剖和功能成像。随着新型分子靶向超声造影剂的引入，超声的另一个维度已成为现实：在分子水平上诊断和监测病理过程。最常用的超声分子成像造影剂是微米大小的含气体微泡，其功能化可识别并附着在发炎或血管生成的血管内皮细胞上表达的分子上。目前正在探索一些潜在的临床应用，包括癌症的早期检测、分子分析和监测，以及短暂性心肌缺血中缺血记忆的可视化、炎症性肠病中疾病活动的监测以及动脉硬化的评估。最近，推出了第一种临床级超声造影剂 (BR55)，针对新生血管生成中表达的分子（2 型血管内皮生长因子受体；VEGFR2），并且正在针对各种癌症类型进行首次非人体临床试验，探索针对 VEGFR2 的超声成像的安全性和可行性。本综述介绍了超声分子成像造影剂的设计、成像技术以及超声分子成像未来潜在的临床应用。
Ultrasound is a widely available, cost-effective, real-time, non-invasive and safe imaging modality widely used in the clinic for anatomical and functional imaging. With the introduction of novel molecularly-targeted ultrasound contrast agents, another dimension of ultrasound has become a reality: diagnosing and monitoring pathological processes at the molecular level. Most commonly used ultrasound molecular imaging contrast agents are micron sized, gas-containing microbubbles functionalized to recognize and attach to molecules expressed on inflamed or angiogenic vascular endothelial cells. There are several potential clinical applications currently being explored including earlier detection, molecular profiling, and monitoring of cancer, as well as visualization of ischemic memory in transient myocardial ischemia, monitoring of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease, and assessment of arteriosclerosis. Recently, a first clinical grade ultrasound contrast agent (BR55), targeted at a molecule expressed in neoangiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2; VEGFR2) has been introduced and safety and feasibility of VEGFR2-targeted ultrasound imaging is being explored in first inhuman clinical trials in various cancer types. This review describes the design of ultrasound molecular imaging contrast agents, imaging techniques, and potential future clinical applications of ultrasound molecular imaging.