Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum:: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data
Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum:: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data
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自末次盛冰期以来火灾状况的变化：基于全球木炭数据综合和分析的评估
DOI：
10.1007/s00382-007-0334-x
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Zhang, J. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Power, M. J.;Marlon, J.;Zhang, J. H.
自末次盛冰期（LGM）以来，火灾活动在全球范围内不断变化，以应对全球气候的长期变化和气候，植被和人类土地利用的短期区域变化。我们合成了自末次盛冰期以来生物质燃烧的沉积木炭记录，并提供了全球地图，显示了过去21，000年时间段内火灾活动的变化（与工业化前相比木炭积累值的差异）。末次盛冰期后，火活动具有较强的大尺度相干性，但此后信号的空间异质性增强。在北美洲、欧洲和南美洲南部，木炭记录表明，在冰消期，从21，000到11，000卡/年BP，火灾活动比现在少。相比之下，南美洲和非洲的热带地区在19，000至17，000 cal yr BP之间显示出比现在更大的火灾活动，印度支那和澳大利亚的大多数地点在16，000至13，000 cal yr BP之间显示出比现在更大的火灾活动。除了北美东部和亚洲东部（8,000 - 13000 cal yr BP）、印度尼西亚和澳大利亚（11,000 - 4,000 cal yr BP）以及南美洲南部（6,000 - 3,000 cal yr BP）的火灾活动比现在少外，许多地点在全新世期间的火灾活动比现在快或接近现在。在整个冰川期后，火灾活动变化模式的区域一致性是显而易见的。这些复杂的模式在很大程度上可以解释为大规模的气候控制，调节当地的植被和燃料负荷的变化。
Fire activity has varied globally and continuously since the last glacial maximum (LGM) in response to long-term changes in global climate and shorter-term regional changes in climate, vegetation, and human land use. We have synthesized sedimentary charcoal records of biomass burning since the LGM and present global maps showing changes in fire activity for time slices during the past 21,000 years (as differences in charcoal accumulation values compared to pre-industrial). There is strong broad-scale coherence in fire activity after the LGM, but spatial heterogeneity in the signals increases thereafter. In North America, Europe and southern South America, charcoal records indicate less-than-present fire activity during the deglacial period, from 21,000 to ∼11,000 cal yr BP. In contrast, the tropical latitudes of South America and Africa show greater-than-present fire activity from ∼19,000 to ∼17,000 cal yr BP and most sites from Indochina and Australia show greater-than-present fire activity from 16,000 to ∼13,000 cal yr BP. Many sites indicate greater-than-present or near-present activity during the Holocene with the exception of eastern North America and eastern Asia from 8,000 to ∼3,000 cal yr BP, Indonesia and Australia from 11,000 to 4,000 cal yr BP, and southern South America from 6,000 to 3,000 cal yr BP where fire activity was less than present. Regional coherence in the patterns of change in fire activity was evident throughout the post-glacial period. These complex patterns can largely be explained in terms of large-scale climate controls modulated by local changes in vegetation and fuel load.