Rearing of Hermetia Illucens on Different Organic By-Products: Influence on Growth, Waste Reduction, and Environmental Impact
Rearing of Hermetia Illucens on Different Organic By-Products: Influence on Growth, Waste Reduction, and Environmental Impact
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/ani9060289
复制
发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Colombini, Stefania
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bava, Luciana;Jucker, Costanza;Colombini, Stefania
在过去的几年里，人们已经做出了巨大的努力来寻找豆粕的替代蛋白质来源和有机副产品的价值，这些有机副产品是食品工业大量生产的，而且通常不能被人类食用。在这种情况下，昆虫可能是另一种蛋白质来源。本研究的目的是评估在对照母鸡饲粮和副产物饲粮（okara、玉米酒糟和啤酒糟）上饲养的黄颡鱼（Hermetia illucens）的生长性能、营养成分和环境影响。饲养基质影响幼虫的生长性能、营养价值和环境影响。饲喂母鸡饲粮和玉米蒸馏器的幼虫最终体重较高，到达前蛹期所需的天数更短。幼虫的脂肪含量与昆虫饲料的脂肪含量呈正相关。在大多数环境类别中，以豆粕含量高为特征的幼虫生产对母鸡日粮的环境影响最大。饲料生产活动是造成环境影响的主要因素。与使用豆粕作为蛋白质来源相比，使用副产品促进幼虫生长使我们能够减少生产1公斤蛋白质对环境的影响。摘要本试验旨在研究黑兵蝇（Black Soldier Fly， BSF）生产过程中3种副产物（okara、玉米酒糟、啤酒糟和对照母鸡）作为黑兵蝇（Hermetia illucens， BSF）幼虫的生长基质。采用生命周期评价（LCA）方法，研究了幼虫的生长和生物转化性能、幼虫的甲烷产量和幼虫生产的环境负担。底物化学成分不同，粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量最高的是菜籽粕，纤维含量最高的是啤酒杂粮。仔鸡饲粮和玉米酒糟饲粮的最终体重最高，分别为2.29和1.97 g。在黄豆上生长的幼虫，其废物减量指标和摄食饲料转化效率最高。BSF幼虫没有产生任何可检测到的CH4痕迹。LCA评价表明，在大多数环境类别中，饲粮中添加豆粕对雏鸡幼虫产量的影响最大（对于气候变化，5.79 kg CO2当量/kg干幼虫）。饲料生产活动是造成环境影响的主要因素。为了比较在所有基质上获得的幼虫产量，通过替代法将环境影响划分为okara和啤酒谷物，通过这种方法，在玉米蒸馏器上生长的幼虫产生了最佳的可持续产品。
Simple Summary In the last few years great efforts have been made to find alternative protein sources to soybean meal and valorize organic by-product, which are produced in large amounts by food industries and are often inedible by humans. In this context, insects could be an alternative protein source. The aims of this study were to evaluate the growth performance, nutrient composition, and environmental impact of Hermetia illucens reared on a control hen diet and by-products diets (okara, maize distillers, and brewer's grains). The rearing substrate affected larvae growth performance, nutritive value, and environmental impacts. Larvae fed on a hen diet and the maize distiller exhibited the higher final weight and required fewer days to reach the prepupal stage. The lipid content of the larvae was positively correlated to that of the insect diets. The environmental impact of larvae production on the hen diet, characterized by a high inclusion of soybean meal, was the most impactful for most of the environmental categories. Feed production activities were the main contributor to environmental impact. The use of by-products for larvae growth allowed us to reduce the environmental impact to produce 1 kg of protein in comparison with the use of soybean meal as a protein source.Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of three by-products as growing substrates for Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly (BSF)) larvae: okara, maize distiller, brewer's grains, and a control hen diet. The study focused on larval growth and bioconversion performance, production of methane by larvae and environmental burden of larvae production, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on a lab scale. Chemical composition of substrates differed: okara had the highest crude protein and ether extract contents, while brewer's grains showed the highest fiber content. Larvae fed on a hen diet and maize distiller exhibited the highest final weights (2.29 and 1.97 g, respectively). Larvae grown on okara showed the highest indexes for waste reduction and efficiency of conversion of the ingested feed. The BSF larvae did not produce any detectable traces of CH4. LCA evaluation showed that larvae production on a hen diet resulted in the most impact for most of environmental categories, for the inclusion of soybean meal in the diet (for climate change, 5.79 kg CO2 eq/kg dry larvae). Feed production activities resulted in the main contributions to environmental impact. In order to compare the larvae production obtained on all substrates, an environmental impact was attributed to okara and brewer's grain through a substitution method, and, by this approach, the best sustainable product resulted from the larvae grown on the maize distiller.