Indicators to measure pressure, state, impact and responses of surf breaks: The case of Bahia de Todos Santos World Surfing Reserve.
Indicators to measure pressure, state, impact and responses of surf breaks: The case of Bahia de Todos Santos World Surfing Reserve.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105252
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发表时间：
2020-08-15
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Espejel, Ileana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arroyo, Mara;Levine, Arielle;Espejel, Ileana
使用驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应（DPSIR）框架，本文提出了衡量人类活动影响位于巴伊亚德托多斯桑托斯世界冲浪储备（BTSWSR）恩塞纳达，下加利福尼亚，墨西哥的三个冲浪休息的指标。为了制定这些指标，形成了一个学习社区，跨学科和跨学科团队通过文件分析、参与性方法（横断面行走、焦点小组、问题树、参与性绘图）和参与者观察BTSWSR地方管理理事会在2015年至2018年期间采取的行动来收集信息。学术界、冲浪者和决策者共同确定了评估海浪破碎的参数和标准，并利用定性和定量数据制定了一套指标。这些指标有助于查明影响碎浪的具体人类活动、其对环境的影响以及对人类活动的实际或可能反应。DPSIR指标能够比较不同冲浪地点的状态和趋势，使BTSWSR共同管理者能够专注于每次冲浪时需要注意的关键问题，并促进BTSWSR自适应共同管理计划的具体战略的制定。这一模式可以适用于世界各地的其他碎浪，为养护和管理碎浪区提供新的战略，并为全球海洋养护工作作出贡献。
Using the Driving Forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework, this paper proposes indicators to measure human activities affecting three surf breaks located within Bahia de Todos Santos World Surfing Reserve (BTSWSR) in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. To develop these indicators, a learning community was formed where interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary teams gathered information through document analysis, participatory methods (transect walks, focus groups, problem tree, participatory mapping) and participant observations of the actions undertaken by the BTSWSR Local Stewardship Council, between 2015 and 2018. Together, academics, surfers and decision makers defined the parameters and criteria for the assessment of surf breaks, developing a set of indicators that drew on both qualitative and quantitative data. These indicators enabled the identification of specific anthropogenic activities affecting surf breaks, their impact on the environment, and actual or possible responses to human activities. DPSIR indicators enabled comparison of states and trends in different surf sites, allowed BTSWSR co-managers to focus on critical issues in need of attention at each surf break, and facilitated the development of specific strategies for an Adaptive Co-management plan at BTSWSR. This model could be adapted to other surf breaks around the world, providing new strategies for conservation and management of surf zones and contributing to global marine conservation efforts.