Firearm injuries in the United States.
Firearm injuries in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.06.002
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发表时间：
2015-10
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Annest JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fowler KA;Dahlberg LL;Haileyesus T;Annest JL
本文探讨了致命和非致命的枪支暴力在美国的流行病学。沿着描述了二十年来杀人、攻击、自我导向和非故意火器伤害的趋势，以及当前受害和健康影响的人口特征。致命火器伤害数据来自国家生命统计系统（NVSS）。非致命性火器伤害数据来自国家电子伤害监测系统（NEISS）。使用Joinpoint回归分析测试趋势。疾病预防控制中心的伤害成本模块被用来估计与枪支死亡和受伤有关的成本。每年有32，000多人死于火器，67，000多人受伤。与枪支伤害有关的自残致死率最高，其次是与袭击有关的伤害。男性、少数民族和年轻美国人（枪支自杀除外）受到的影响不成比例。从门诊治疗到住院治疗再到死亡，这些损伤的严重程度分布相对均匀。火器伤害每年造成超过480亿美元的医疗和工作损失，特别是致命的火器伤害。从1993年到1999年，火器暴力的发生率大幅度下降。致命和非致命枪支暴力以及所有类型的意图都有所下降。虽然2000年至2012年非故意枪支死亡人数继续下降，但枪支自杀人数增加，非致命性枪支袭击增加到1995年以来的最高水平。枪支伤害是美国一个重要的公共卫生问题，每年都导致过早死亡、疾病和残疾。了解问题的性质和影响只是防止枪支暴力的第一步。采用科学驱动的方法来了解风险和保护因素并确定有效的解决方案，是实现可衡量的枪支暴力减少的关键。
This paper examines the epidemiology of fatal and nonfatal firearm violence in the United States. Trends over two decades in homicide, assault, self-directed and unintentional firearm injuries are described along with current demographic characteristics of victimization and health impact. Fatal firearm injury data were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). Nonfatal firearm injury data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Trends were tested using Joinpoint regression analyses. CDC Cost of Injury modules were used to estimate costs associated with firearm deaths and injuries. More than 32,000 persons die and over 67,000 persons are injured by firearms each year. Case fatality rates are highest for self-harm related firearm injuries, followed by assault-related injuries. Males, racial/ethnic minority populations, and young Americans (with the exception of firearm suicide) are disproportionately affected. The severity of such injuries is distributed relatively evenly across outcomes from outpatient treatment to hospitalization to death. Firearm injuries result in over $48 billion in medical and work loss costs annually, particularly fatal firearm injuries. From 1993 to 1999, rates of firearm violence declined significantly. Declines were seen in both fatal and nonfatal firearm violence and across all types of intent. While unintentional firearm deaths continued to decline from 2000 to 2012, firearm suicides increased and nonfatal firearm assaults increased to their highest level since 1995. Firearm injuries are an important public health problem in the United States, contributing substantially each year to premature death, illness, and disability. Understanding the nature and impact of the problem is only a first step toward preventing firearm violence. A science-driven approach to understand risk and protective factors and identify effective solutions is key to achieving measurable reductions in firearm violence.