Durum wheat-faba bean temporary intercropping: Effects on nitrogen supply and wheat quality
Durum wheat-faba bean temporary intercropping: Effects on nitrogen supply and wheat quality
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eja.2010.05.001
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Guiducci, Marcello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tosti, Giacomo;Guiducci, Marcello
间作谷物和豆类是一种常见的做法，因为在氮的利用，在害虫和志愿者植物窒息的优势，但当粮食需要分离，有几个技术困难。这些问题可以通过采用一种特殊形式的间作（称为“临时间作”）来克服，其中作物的共存仅限于其生命周期的一部分。在谷物-豆类临时行间种植中，豆类成分在谷物发芽之前被犁入土壤中：因此豆类仅用于肥力目的，以提高谷物成分的氮可用性。2005年和2006年，在有机农业系统中，对3个硬粒小麦品种（Triticum durum Desf.）和蚕豆（Vicia faba L var.小贝克）并测试种间竞争对光照、氮素有效性、谷物产量和品质的影响。通过蚕豆生物量结合到土壤中的N在多年中是相当稳定的。豆科作物的竞争效应降低了间作小麦的生物量积累，但显著改善了作物的氮素状况。蚕豆还田后，小麦间套作的不对称性显著增加，（即大的行间空间加上行中的高植物密度）影响辐射平衡，然而，产量受到积极影响，小麦籽粒蛋白质含量增加到极好的水平。（从2005年的12.0%到13.9%）或良好（从2006年的10.2%到11.5%）水平。在地中海环境条件下，临时间作被证明是改善有机硬粒小麦品质的极好方法。(C)2010年爱思唯尔男孩。All rights reserved.
Intercropping cereals and grain legumes is a common practice because of the advantages in N use, in pest and volunteer plant smothering, but when the grains need to be separated, there are several technical difficulties. These problems may be overcome by adopting a particular form of intercropping (termed "temporary intercropping") where the coexistence of the crops is limited to a portion of their life cycles. In a cereal-legume temporary row-intercropping, the legume component is ploughed into the soil before cereal shooting: thus the legume is used with a mere fertility purpose in order to improve N availability for the cereal component. The presence of such a positive effect, already confirmed in permanent intercropping, needs to be verified in temporary intercropping systems.In an organic farming system, a field experiment was carried out in two consecutive years (2005 and 2006) to evaluate the technical feasibility of a temporary intercropping between three varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L var. minor Beck.) and to test the effects on interspecific competition for light, N availability, cereal grain yield and quality.The species were temporarily intercropped following an additive design, and there was no fertilisation or crop protection. The N incorporated into the soil by the faba bean biomass was rather stable across years. The competitive effect of the legume reduced the biomass accumulation of the intercropped wheat, but the cereal N status was considerably improved. After the faba bean incorporation into the soil, the marked asymmetry of the temporary intercropped wheat (i.e. large inter-row space coupled with high plant density in the row) affected the radiation balance, nevertheless the yield was positively affected and the wheat grain protein content was increased to an excellent (from 12.0 to 13.9% in 2005) or a good (from 10.2 to 11.5% in 2006) level. Temporary intercropping was shown to be excellent method to improve the quality of organic durum wheat in the Mediterranean environmental conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Boy. All rights reserved.