Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections
Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enconman.2008.02.020
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Demirbas, Ayhan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Demirbas, Ayhan
生物燃料是指主要由生物质生产的液体、气体和固体燃料。生物燃料包括能源安全原因、环境问题、外汇储蓄以及与农村部门有关的社会经济问题。生物燃料包括生物乙醇、生物甲醇、植物油、生物柴油、沼气、生物合成气（生物合成气）、生物油、生物炭、费托液体和生物氢。大多数传统的生物燃料，如从玉米、小麦或甜菜中提取的乙醇，以及从油籽中提取的生物柴油，都是由传统的农业粮食作物生产的，这些作物需要高质量的农业用地才能生长。生物乙醇是一种汽油添加剂/替代品。利用生物质蒸汽转化过程中产生的生物合成气可以从生物质中生产生物甲醇。生物甲醇比从生物质中回收生物乙醇容易得多。乙醇与水形成共沸物，因此在回收期间纯化乙醇是昂贵的。甲醇更容易溶解，因为它不形成共沸物。生物柴油是一种环境友好的替代液体燃料，可用于任何柴油发动机而无需修改。由于植物油与传统的石油柴油相比污染更小且具有可再生性，因此人们对使用植物油制造生物柴油重新产生了兴趣。由于其环境优点，生物燃料在未来十年内在汽车燃料市场中的份额将快速增长。发展中国家和工业化国家都将生物燃料视为相关技术，这有几个原因。生物燃料包括能源安全原因、环境问题、外汇储蓄以及与农村部门有关的社会经济问题。生物燃料经济将在21世纪迅速发展。其经济发展以农业生产为基础，大部分人口居住在农村地区。在生物量最密集的设想中，到2050年，现代化的生物量能源将占发展中国家能源需求总量的一半左右。(c)2008爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The term biofuel is referred to liquid, gas and solid fuels predominantly produced from biomass. Biofuels include energy security reasons, environmental concerns, foreign exchange savings, and socioeconomic issues related to the rural sector. Biofuels include bioethanol, biomethanol, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, bio-synthetic gas (bio-syngas), bio-oil, bio-char, Fischer-Tropsch liquids, and biohydrogen. Most traditional biofuels, such as ethanol from corn, wheat, or sugar beets, and biodiesel from oil seeds, are produced from classic agricultural food crops that require high-quality agricultural land for growth. Bio-ethanol is a petrol additive/substitute. Biomethanol can be produced from biomass using bio-syngas obtained from steam reforming process of biomass. Biomethanol is considerably easier to recover than the bioethanol from biomass. Ethanol forms an azeotrope with water so it is expensive to purify the ethanol during recovery. Methanol recycles easier because it does not form an azeotrope. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative liquid fuel that can be used in any diesel engine without modification. There has been renewed interest in the use of vegetable oils for making biodiesel due to its less polluting and renewable nature as against the conventional petroleum diesel fuel. Due to its environmental merits, the share of biofuel in the automotive fuel market will grow fast in the next decade. There are several reasons for biofuels to be considered as relevant technologies by both developing and industrialized countries. Biofuels include energy security reasons, environmental concerns, foreign exchange savings, and socioeconomic issues related to the rural sector. The biofuel economy will grow rapidly during the 21st century. Its economy development is based on agricultural production and most people live in the rural areas. In the most biomass-intensive scenario, modernized biomass energy contributes by 2050 about one half of total energy demand in developing countries. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.