Reduced plant–soil feedback of plant species expanding their range as compared to natives
Reduced plant–soil feedback of plant species expanding their range as compared to natives
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01282.x
复制
发表时间：
2007-09
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
R. V. van Grunsven;W. H. van der Putten;T. Bezemer;W. Tamis;F. Berendse;E. Veenendaal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. V. van Grunsven;W. H. van der Putten;T. Bezemer;W. Tamis;F. Berendse;E. Veenendaal
1由于全球变暖，物种可能会扩散到以前凉爽的地区。那些比天敌扩散得更快的物种可能会从自上而下的控制中解脱出来。我们调查了起源于南欧和最近在欧洲西北部建立的植物是否比本地物种经历了更少的土壤病原菌影响。2我们选择了三种原产于南欧的已移民到荷兰的植物和三种类似的荷兰本土植物。所有六种植物都生长在灭菌土壤中，土壤接种物从田间种群的根际收集。作为对照，我们用无菌根际接种剂种植了一系列所有六种植物。3我们收获植物，在灭菌土壤中加入条件土壤，培养出所有6种植物的第二代，以测试每对植物对条件土壤群落对同种和异种的反馈效应。4土壤群落的作用取决于植物种类，并且只取决于三对中的一对的土壤肥力。5.土壤处理对外来植物的生物量影响小于对本地植物的影响，表明外来移民比类似的本地植物对土壤病原菌的暴露更少。6我们的结果表明，由于气候变化而扩大范围的植物物种可能会从土壤致病活动中释放出来。无论这些外来生物是从土壤病原体中释放出来的，还是它们从互惠共生中获得了更大的好处，仍有待研究。我们的结论是，射程扩大可能导致敌人释放类似于人工引入的外来入侵植物物种的模式。通过射程转移逃离敌人改变了关键的生物相互作用，并使对未来分布和优势的预测复杂化。
1 As a result of global warming, species may spread into previously cool regions. Species that disperse faster than their natural enemies may become released from top‐down control. We investigated whether plants originating from southern Europe and recently established in north‐western Europe experience less soil pathogen effects than native species. 2 We selected three plant species originating from southern Europe that have immigrated into the Netherlands and three similar native Dutch species. All six plant species were grown in sterilized soils with a soil inoculum collected from the rhizospheres of field populations. As a control we grew a series of all six plant species with a sterilized rhizosphere inoculum. 3 We harvested the plants, added the conditioned soil to sterilized soil and grew a second generation of all six plant species in order to test for each plant pair feedback effects from the conditioned soil communities to conspecifics and heterospecifics. 4 The effect of the soil community is dependent on plant species, and is dependent on soil fertility in only one of the three pairs. 5 Soil conditioning caused less biomass reduction to exotic plant species than to native species, suggesting that exotic immigrants are less exposed to soil pathogens than similar native plant species. 6 Our results suggest that plant species that expand their range as a result of climate change may become released from soil pathogenic activity. Whether the exotics are released from soil pathogens, or whether they experience enhanced benefit from mutualistic symbionts remains to be studied. We conclude that range expansion may result in enemy release patterns that are similar to artificially introduced invasive exotic plant species. 7 The escape from enemies through range shifts changes key biotic interactions and complicates predictions of future distribution and dominance.