Prevalence and etiology of asthma
Prevalence and etiology of asthma
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DOI：
10.1016/s0091-6749(00)90044-7
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
Pearce, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beasley, R;Crane, J;Pearce, N
通过对哮喘患病率的国际比较，特别是欧洲共同体成人哮喘患病率的呼吸健康调查和儿童哮喘和过敏症国际研究的比较，人们对哮喘的病因有了更多的了解。从这些和其他对哮喘流行情况的研究中，可以得出一些关于世界范围内哮喘流行模式的初步结论，其中有五个显著的模式：第一，哮喘在全世界范围内呈上升趋势；第二，哮喘通常在西方国家更为常见，在发展中国家不那么常见；第三，哮喘在讲英语的国家更为普遍；第四，随着发展中国家变得更加西化或社区城市化，哮喘在发展中国家的患病率正在上升；以及第五，其他过敏性疾病的患病率在世界范围内也可能正在上升。国际哮喘流行模式的这五个关键特征对哮喘发病的“既定”危险因素的作用提出了重大问题，因此，最近的研究已扩大到包括对新因素的研究，这些新因素可能“编程”最初对致敏的敏感性，或有助于哮喘的发展，而不是特应性致敏。这些问题包括在出生时反映在各种围产期因素中的宫内各种暴露，以及生命早期可能使婴儿更容易患上哮喘的暴露(或缺乏暴露)，这些问题现在是全球密集研究工作的焦点，未来几个档次可能会看到我们对哮喘病因的理解取得令人兴奋的进展。
An increased understanding of the causes of asthma is coming from the international comparisons of asthma prevalence particularly those from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey of asthma prevalence in adults and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. From these and other studies of asthma prevalence, it is possible to draw some tentative conclusions as to the patterns of asthma prevalence worldwide, There are five striking patterns: first, asthma prevalence is increasing worldwide; second, asthma is generally more common in Western countries and less common in developing countries; third, asthma is more prevalent in English-speaking countries; fourth, asthma prevalence is increasing in developing countries as they become more Westernized or communities become urbanized: and fifth, the prevalence of other allergic disorders may also be increasing worldwide. These five key features of the international patterns of asthma prevalence raise major questions about the role of "established" risk factors for the development of asthma, As a result, recent research has expanded to include the study of novel factors that may "program" the initial susceptibility to sensitization or contribute to the development of asthma independent of atopic sensitization. These include various exposures in utero, which are reflected in various perinatal factors measured at birth, and exposures (or lack of exposures) in the early years of life that may make the infant more susceptible to the subsequent development of asthma, These issues are now the focus of an intensive research effort worldwide, and the next few gears are likely to see exciting advances in our understanding of the causes of asthma.