Optimal defense strategy against herbivory in plants: Conditions selecting for induced defense, constitutive defense, and no-defense
Optimal defense strategy against herbivory in plants: Conditions selecting for induced defense, constitutive defense, and no-defense
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.07.002
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发表时间：
2009-10-07
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Sakai, Satoki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ito, Kiyoshi;Sakai, Satoki
为了检验诱导防御、构成防御和非防御的条件选择，我们开发了一个针对食草动物的植物防御策略模型。在该模型中，植物由两个模块组成，信号诱导防御化合物可以在这两个模块之间转移。我们假设有三种策略：植物产生对草食反应的防御化合物(诱导防御)，它们预先拥有这些化合物(结构性防御)，它们从不产生这些化合物(非防御)。我们发现，由于拥有防御化合物的生长成本，如果由于草食而损失的生物量很少，那么无防御是最优的。如果生物量损失量不是很小，且草食概率很高，则本构防御是最优的。如果生物量损失不是很小，但发生草食的概率很低，诱导防御或不防御是最优的。当诱导防御是最佳的时，一旦发生草食，植物发生草食的可能性必然增加。如果概率保持不变，不防守是最好的。因此，食草动物的行为，即它们是否停留在植物周围并反复攻击它，影响诱导防御的进化。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
To examine the conditions selecting for induced defense, constitutive defense, and no-defense, we developed a model of plant defense strategy against herbivory. In the model, a plant consists of two modules between which signal inducing defense compounds can be translocated. We assume three strategies: plants produce defense compounds responding to herbivory (induced defense), they have the compounds beforehand (constitutive defense), and they never produce the compounds (no-defense). We found that no-defense is optimal if the amount of biomass lost due to herbivory is small because of the growth cost of having defense compounds. The constitutive defense is optimal if the amount of biomass lost is not so small and the probability of herbivory is high. If the biomass loss is not so small but the probability of herbivory is low, the induced defense or no-defense is optimal. When the induced defense is optimal, the probability of herbivory necessarily increases in plants once herbivory has occurred. If the probability stays the same, no-defense is optimal. Thus, the behavior of herbivores, i.e., whether they remain around a plant and attack it repeatedly, affects the evolution of the induced defense. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.