Physiological Systems and Their Responses to Conditions of Heat and Cold
Physiological Systems and Their Responses to Conditions of Heat and Cold
复制标题
生理系统及其对热和冷条件的反应
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Endrusick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Kenefick;S. Cheuvront;S. Montain;R. Carter;M. Sawka;R. Gonzalez;B. Ely;D. Moran;A. Hadid;T. Endrusick
翻译后摘要：个人在广泛的环境条件下锻炼和工作。根据环境条件和一个人的代谢率和衣服，运动可以加剧热量增加或热量损失，导致体温上升或下降。健康的人通常调节身体（核心）温度接近37度。在休息时，以及在环境和/或运动干扰下，体温可以在35摄氏度之间波动。C和41度。C.无不良健康后果。超出这一范围的波动可能与发病率和死亡率有关。在本章中，运动一词指的是动态运动，而训练指的是以特定方式进行的持续数日的运动，从而导致适应。术语压力指的是倾向于影响身体热含量的环境和/或运动条件，而应变指的是压力的生理后果。应力的大小和产生的应变取决于环境因素之间的复杂相互作用（例如，环境条件）和个体的生物学特征（例如适应状态和体型）和活动水平（例如，代谢率和持续时间）。术语驯化是指对自然（驯化）和人工（驯化）环境条件的适应。在本章中，我们研究了热应激和冷应激对生理反应和运动能力的影响。运动过程中的人体体温调节得到了解决，但在环境压力下对这一过程的更详细的评论可以在其他地方找到。本章回顾了生理学。需要，以及人体水和电解质平衡评估。水和电解质失衡影响温度调节和运动表现的程度也被考虑在内。这一章包括有关劳累性热病和体温过低的发病机制的信息，因为运动可以增加热损伤的发病率和死亡率。
Abstract : Individuals exercise and work in a wide range of environmental conditions. Depending on environmental conditions and a person's metabolic rate and clothing, exercise can accentuate heat gain or heat loss, causing body temperature to rise or fall. Healthy humans normally regulate body (core) temperatures near 37 deg. C at rest, and with environmental and/or exercise perturbations, body temperatures can fluctuate between 35 deg. C and 41 deg. C without adverse health consequences. Fluctuations outside that range can be associated with morbidity and mortality. In this chapter, the term exercise refers to dynamic exercise, and training refers to repeated days of exercise in a specific modality leading to adaptations. The term stress refers to environmental and/or exercise conditions that tend to influence the body's heat content, and strain refers to the physiologtc consequences of stress. The magnitude of stress and the resulting strain depend on a complex interaction among environmental factors (e.g., ambient conditions) and the individual's biologic characteristics (e.g. acclimatization status and body size) and activity level (e.g., metabolic rate and duration). The term acclimatization refers to adaptations to both natural (acclimatization) and artificial (acclimation) environmental conditions. In this chapter, we examine the effects of both heat stress and cold stress on physiologic responses and exercise capabilities. Human thermoregulation during exercise is addressed, but more detailed reviews on this process during environmental stress can be found elsewhere. This chapter reviews the physiology. needs, and assessmem of human water and electrolyte balance. The extent to which water and electrolyte imbalances affect temperature regulation and exercise performance are also considered. This chapter includes information on the pathogenesis of exertional heat illness and hypothermia, since exercise can increase morbidity and mortality from thermal injury.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
M. Shibasaki;N. Kondo;C. Crandall
通讯作者：
M. Shibasaki;N. Kondo;C. Crandall