Childhood maltreatment and its effect on neurocognitive functioning: Timing and chronicity matter.
Childhood maltreatment and its effect on neurocognitive functioning: Timing and chronicity matter.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579415000139
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Toth SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cowell RA;Cicchetti D;Rogosch FA;Toth SL
儿童期虐待是一种复杂的应激源，其发展时间、持续时间、频率和虐待类型因儿童而异。多个大脑区域和神经回路被儿童虐待的经历所扰乱。这些神经生物学损害表明许多重要的认知功能受损，包括工作记忆和抑制控制。本研究扩展了以前的研究，通过研究儿童期虐待对神经认知功能的影响，基于虐待的发展时间，包括发病，慢性和新近，在3- 9岁的nonmaltreated（n = 136）和虐待儿童（n = 223）的样本。受虐待儿童在抑制控制和工作记忆任务上的表现比非虐待儿童差。受虐待儿童之间的群体差异的基础上的虐待的时间和虐待的慢性化也是显而易见的。具体而言，在婴儿期受到虐待的儿童，以及有长期虐待史的儿童，比没有虐待史的儿童表现出明显较差的抑制控制和工作记忆表现。结果表明，虐待发生在婴儿期，一个时期的主要大脑组织，破坏规范的结构和功能，这些赤字进一步实例化的长期压力的慢性虐待在生命的早期。
Childhood maltreatment represents a complex stressor, with the developmental timing, duration, frequency, and type of maltreatment varying with each child. Multiple brain regions and neural circuits are disrupted by the experience of child maltreatment. These neurobiological compromises indicate the impairment of a number of important cognitive functions, including working memory and inhibitory control. The present study extends prior research by examining the effect of childhood maltreatment on neurocognitive functioning based on developmental timing of maltreatment, including onset, chronicity, and recency, in a sample of 3- to 9-year-old nonmaltreated (n = 136) and maltreated children (n = 223). Maltreated children performed more poorly on inhibitory control and working memory tasks than nonmaltreated children. Group differences between maltreated children based on the timing of maltreatment and the chronicity of maltreatment also were evident. Specifically, children who were maltreated during infancy, and children with a chronic history of maltreatment, exhibited significantly poorer inhibitory control and working memory performance than children without a history of maltreatment. The results suggest that maltreatment occurring during infancy, a period of major brain organization, disrupts normative structure and function, and these deficits are further instantiated by the prolonged stress of chronic maltreatment during the early years of life.