Pathogen evolution and disease emergence in carnivores
Pathogen evolution and disease emergence in carnivores
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2007.0884
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发表时间：
2007-12-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Goodman, Simon J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCarthy, Alex J.;Shaw, Marie-Anne;Goodman, Simon J.
新出现的传染病是人类和家畜健康以及生物多样性保护方面的一些最紧迫的问题。目前尚不清楚是否消除过去的限制，地理分布和传播的可能性，病原体本身就足以引起新的主机-病原体组合，或者是否病原体的进化也通常需要建立在新的主机。犬瘟热病毒（CDV）是一种麻疹病毒，在世界犬种群中流行，对各种食肉动物构成重要的保护威胁。我们对所有CDV基因的完整序列进行了广泛的系统发育和分子进化分析，以评估选择和重组在塑造病毒遗传多样性和推动CDV在非犬宿主中出现中的作用。我们测试了特定的假设，即在已知的受体结合位点的血凝素基因的分子适应与独立的情况下，CDV的传播到新的非犬宿主在野外。这一假设得到了支持，提供了令人信服的证据，即在已知的功能位点（在这种情况下，血凝素分子的残基530和549）的重复进化与一系列新宿主物种中疾病出现的多次独立发生有关。
Emerging infectious diseases constitute some of the most pressing problems for both human and domestic animal health, and biodiversity conservation. Currently it is not clear whether the removal of past constraints on geographical distribution and transmission possibilities for pathogens alone are sufficient to give rise to novel host-pathogen combinations, or whether pathogen evolution is also generally required for establishment in novel hosts. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a morbillivirus that is prevalent in the world dog population and poses an important conservation threat to a diverse range of carnivores. We performed an extensive phylogenetic and molecular evolution analysis on complete sequences of all CDV genes to assess the role of selection and recombination in shaping viral genetic diversity and driving the emergence of CDV in non-dog hosts. We tested the specific hypothesis that molecular adaptation at known receptor-binding sites of the haemagglutinin gene is associated with independent instances of the spread of CDV to novel non-dog hosts in the wild. This hypothesis was upheld, providing compelling evidence that repeated evolution at known functional sites (in this case residues 530 and 549 of the haemagglutinin molecule) is associated with multiple independent occurrences of disease emergence in a range of novel host species.