Increasing Weekend Effect in Ground-Level O3 in Metropolitan Areas of Mexico during 1988-2016
Increasing Weekend Effect in Ground-Level O3 in Metropolitan Areas of Mexico during 1988-2016
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DOI：
10.3390/su10093330
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Mendoza, Alberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hernandez-Paniagua, Ivan Y.;Lopez-Farias, Rodrigo;Mendoza, Alberto
在这里，我们对墨西哥城 (MCMA)、瓜达拉哈拉 (GMA) 和蒙特雷 (MMA) 大都市区 (MA) 内 O-3 周末效应 (WE) 发生和传播的长期趋势进行了评估，这三个大都市区 (MA) 是墨西哥最大的都市区 (MA)，集中了该国总人口的 33% 左右。工作日到周末 O-3 浓度的日间平均值和峰值差异被用作 WE 发生的代理。所有MA在所有年份中至少在一个监测点都表现出WE的发生情况。在所有 MA 中，从工作日到周末，O-3 日间平均值和峰值的显着差异已随着时间的推移而减小，并且自 1998 年和 2013 年以来，MCMA 和 GMA 分别在一年中的大部分时间里，周末期间 O-3 水平较高是典型的。 O-3 WE 的最大变化是在 MCMA 和 GMA 的顺风位置和城市核心站点观察到的。在 MCMA 内的所有地点，周日观察到 O-3 WE 震级显着增加趋势 (p < 0.05)，年平均值趋势在 0.33 到 1.29 ppb O-3 yr(-1) 之间。在 GMA 内，周日，与 MCMA 相比，较少的地点表现出 WE 发生增加的趋势，并且增长率较低（0.32 和 0.48 ppb yr(-1)，p < 0.1），而在 MMA 内，没有观察到明显的趋势，与 MCMA 和 GMA 形成鲜明对比。我们的研究结果表明，实施的政策已成功控制 MCMA 和 GMA 内平日地面 O-3，但必须采取进一步行动来控制 O-3 WE 幅度和传播的增加。
Here, we present an assessment of long-term trends in the O-3 weekend effect (WE) occurrences and spread within the Mexico City (MCMA), Guadalajara (GMA), and Monterrey (MMA) metropolitan areas, which are the three largest metropolitan areas (MAs) of Mexico and concentrate around 33% of the total population in the country. Daytime averages and peak differences in O-3 concentrations from weekdays to weekends were used as a proxy of WE occurrence. All MAs exhibited the occurrence of WE in all years at least in one monitoring site. Substantial differences in O-3 daytime averages and peaks from weekdays to weekends have decreased over time in all MAs, and since 1998 and 2013 for the MCMA and GMA, respectively, higher O-3 levels during weekends are typical during most of the year. The largest variations in the O-3 WE were observed at downwind and urban core sites of the MCMA and GMA. Significant increasing trends (p < 0.05) in the O-3 WE magnitude were observed for Sundays at all sites within the MCMA, with trends in annual averages ranging between 0.33 and 1.29 ppb O-3 yr(-1). Within the GMA, for Sundays, fewer sites exhibited increasing trends in the WE occurrence and at lower growth rates (0.32 and 0.48 ppb yr(-1), p < 0.1) than within the MCMA, while within the MMA no apparent trends were observed in marked contrast with the MCMA and GMA. Our findings suggest that policies implemented have been successful in controlling weekday ground-level O-3 within the MCMA and GMA, but further actions must be introduced to control the increases in the O-3 WE magnitude and spread.