Spatial analogies pervade complex relational reasoning: Evidence from spontaneous gestures.
Spatial analogies pervade complex relational reasoning: Evidence from spontaneous gestures.
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空间类比遍布复杂的关系推理：自发手势的证据。
DOI：
10.1186/s41235-016-0024-5
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Goldin-Meadow S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cooperrider K;Gentner D;Goldin-Meadow S
人们如何看待像生态系统行为这样的复杂现象？在这里，我们假设，人们的原因，这样的关系系统的一部分，通过创建空间类比，我们探索这种可能性，通过检查自发的手势。在两项研究中，参与者阅读了描述积极和消极反馈系统的书面课程，然后解释了它们之间的差异。虽然这堂课非常抽象，而且没有要求人们做手势，但人们在解释过程中产生了大量的空间手势。这些手势使用空间来表示简单的抽象关系（例如，增加）和有时更复杂的关系结构（例如，负反馈）。此外，在他们的解释过程中，参与者的手势往往与更大的关系结构类比模型相一致。重要的是，这些人手中的空间概念基本上没有空间词。因此，手势表明，空间类比在复杂的关系推理中是普遍存在的，即使语言没有。
How do people think about complex phenomena like the behavior of ecosystems? Here we hypothesize that people reason about such relational systems in part by creating spatial analogies, and we explore this possibility by examining spontaneous gestures. In two studies, participants read a written lesson describing positive and negative feedback systems and then explained the differences between them. Though the lesson was highly abstract and people were not instructed to gesture, people produced spatial gestures in abundance during their explanations. These gestures used space to represent simple abstract relations (e.g., increase) and sometimes more complex relational structures (e.g., negative feedback). Moreover, over the course of their explanations, participants’ gestures often cohered into larger analogical models of relational structure. Importantly, the spatial ideas evident in the hands were largely unaccompanied by spatial words. Gesture thus suggests that spatial analogies are pervasive in complex relational reasoning, even when language does not.